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任何一种性状的表现型都是其内部的遗传型和外部的环境条件共同作用的结果,所以性状的表现型变量可分解为遗传变量和环境变量两部分。遗传力就是遗传变量与表型变量(总变量)的比率,遗传力比率越高表明性状的遗传变量在表现型变量中占的成分越大,是高度遗传的,因而选择也越有效。因此估算遗传力可以确定系统选择的指标和杂种的选择世代及原始材料的利用价值。遗传相关是估算性状间的遗传型相关程度,在育种中可根据性状的表现型相关程度,从一个性状间接地选择另一个性状。
The phenotype of any trait is the result of the combination of its internal genetic and external environmental conditions, so phenotypic variables of traits can be decomposed into two parts: genetic and environmental variables. Heritability is the ratio of genetic variables to phenotypic variables (total variables). The higher the heritability ratio is, the higher heritability ratio is. The greater heritability of genetic variables in phenotypic variables is, the higher heritability is and the more effective the selection is. Estimating heritability can therefore determine the choice of system and the selection of hybrids for generations and the value of raw materials used. Genetic correlation estimates the degree of genetic correlation between traits in which one trait can be indirectly selected based on the phenotypic relevance of the trait.