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在沃尔夫冈·伊瑟尔看来,文学是人的自由天性的一种独特实现方式,文学的根本意义在于使人的多样性和可能性生活得以呈现,文学的本质也就是一种可能性生活。伊瑟尔反对本质主义、先验主义,倡导以“文本生产”为基础的“文学人类学”研究新范式。但伊瑟尔对“人的自由天性”的不证自明的坚持,却使其深层回归于康德先验哲学,并逻辑性地走向对文学史的否定。或许,后期伊瑟尔的根本价值不在于终极性地回答了文学是什么,而在于又一次使这个问题成为文学理论中的悬疑,并开启出更多的问题。
In Wolfgang Isel’s view, literature is a unique way to realize the free nature of human beings. The fundamental meaning of literature is to make people’s diversity and possible life present, and the essence of literature is also a possibility Sex life. Isell opposes essentialism and transcendentalism and advocates a new paradigm of “literary anthropology” based on “textual production.” However, Isell’s unsubstantiated insistence on “human nature of freedom ” made her return to Kant’s transcendental philosophy in a deeper way and logically went against the negation of literary history. Perhaps the fundamental value of Isseur later is not that the ultimate answer to the literature is what, but rather to make this a suspense in literary theory and open more questions.