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目的了解芦山地震灾区小学生心理健康状况,为灾后早期心理干预提供依据。方法采用心理健康自评问卷(SRQ-20)对地震2周后芦山灾区372名3~6年级小学生进行调查分析。结果灾区小学生SRQ-20总分≥8分的阳性检出率为39.78%,最常见的心理问题有紧张不安或担忧(67.47%)、不快乐(65.05%)、易受惊吓(61.02%)、很难从日常活动中得到乐趣(57.26%)和易疲劳(51.61%)等。女生的心理影响范围和程度均高于男生(P<0.01);各年级间学生SRQ-20得分和阳性检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论地震2周后芦山灾区小学生存在较严重的心理健康问题,主要表现焦虑、抑郁、恐惧等急性应激反应,需加强心理干预,重视女生的急性应激反应。
Objective To understand the mental health status of primary school students in Lushan earthquake-stricken area and provide basis for psychological intervention in the early post-disaster period. Methods A total of 372 primary schoolchildren from grades 3 to 6 in Lushan disaster area were surveyed using SRQ-20 questionnaire. Results The positive rate of SRQ-20 score≥8 was 39.78%. The most common psychological problems were anxiety or anxiety (67.47%), unhappiness (65.05%), susceptibility to shock (61.02%), Difficult to get from daily activities (57.26%) and fatigue (51.61%) and so on. The range and degree of psychological impact of girls were higher than boys (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in SRQ-20 score and positive rate among all grades (P> 0.05). Conclusions The pupils in Lushan disaster area experienced serious mental health problems two weeks after the quake. They mainly showed acute stress responses such as anxiety, depression and fear. Psychological interventions should be strengthened to attach importance to the acute stress response in girls.