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以产业集聚区内企业异质性构成和异质性企业技术升级行为选择差异性为前提条件,从企业层面实证考察了产业集聚区技术升级问题。研究发现,产业集聚对企业技术升级影响可以分解为对所有企业的水平效应和对异质性企业的结构效应。单纯的工业企业集聚有助于落后企业获得先进企业的技术溢出实现技术追赶与升级,但却对先进企业技术创新升级的边际贡献率不大。先进企业创新升级需要由生产性服务业、高技术服务业、金融发展和制度环境等公共基础设施与产业集聚共同组成的区域创新系统来支撑带动。研究还进一步揭示,区域创新系统与系统内企业技术升级之间存在着一种收益递增的正反馈效应,这构成了产业集聚自主优化升级的内生源动力。
Taking the heterogeneity of the enterprises in the industrial agglomeration area and the difference in choosing the technological upgrading behaviors of the heterogeneous enterprises as prerequisites, the issue of technological upgrading in the agglomeration areas is empirically investigated from the corporate level. The study finds that the impact of industrial agglomeration on enterprise technology upgrading can be decomposed into the horizontal effect on all enterprises and the structural effect on heterogeneous enterprises. A simple agglomeration of industrial enterprises can help laggard enterprises to obtain technology spillover from advanced enterprises and achieve technological catching-up and upgrading. However, marginal contribution to technological innovation upgrading of advanced enterprises is small. Innovation and upgrading of advanced enterprises need to be supported by a regional innovation system consisting of public infrastructure and industrial agglomeration such as productive service industries, high-tech service industries, financial development and institutional environment. The study further reveals that there is a positive-feedback effect of increasing returns between the regional innovation system and the technological upgrading of enterprises in the system, which constitutes the endogenous motivation for the independent optimization and upgrading of industrial agglomeration.