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胰高血糖素样多肽1(GLP-1)是一种由肠道内分泌L细胞摄取营养素后分泌的肠促胰素。它通过胰腺内分泌及胰腺外分泌两方面作用来发挥降低血糖、调节体内葡萄糖稳态作用。在胰腺,GLP-1促进葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素分泌及合成、抑制胰高血糖素分泌,并且促进β细胞增殖再生、抑制β细胞凋亡;在胰腺外,GLP-1抑制食欲、减慢胃排空、减少糖原合成、增加外周葡萄糖利用。此外,GLP-1还具有其他生物学作用,包括改善心肺功能、促进垂体激素分泌等。由于GLP-1作用的多效性,使得其在糖尿病治疗中具有重要作用,并且在其他退行性疾病治疗中也可能具有潜在作用。
Glucagon-like polypeptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin that is secreted by the intestinal endocrine L-cells after they have taken up nutrients. It is through the role of both pancreatic endocrine and pancreatic exocrine to lower blood sugar, regulate glucose homeostasis. In the pancreas, GLP-1 promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion and synthesis, inhibits glucagon secretion, promotes β-cell proliferation and regeneration, and inhibits β-cell apoptosis. GLP-1 inhibits appetite and slows gastric emptying outside the pancreas , Reduce glycogen synthesis, increase peripheral glucose utilization. In addition, GLP-1 also has other biological effects, including improving cardiopulmonary function and promoting pituitary hormone secretion. Because of the pleiotropic effect of GLP-1, it has an important role in the treatment of diabetes and may also have potential effects in the treatment of other degenerative diseases.