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为了正确剖析资本主义社会有机体的内在结构,马克思在写作《1857-1858经济学手稿》时确认了以抽象与具体的辩证法为自己的指导思想。这一辩证法的完整结构包括从现实具体到思维抽象和从思维抽象到思维具体两个环节,前一环节凸显了马克思的历史观,后一环节则将历史观消化并形成了社会批判观。长期以来对抽象与具体辩证法的探讨因没有澄清前一环节的历史性内涵而导致了对后一环节的曲解,并在经济学、哲学等领域产生了对历史唯物主义哲学的种种误解。
In order to correctly analyze the internal structure of the organism in capitalist society, Marx, in his writing of the Manuscripts of Economics of 1857-1858, confirmed his guiding ideology with abstract and concrete dialectics. The complete structure of this dialectic includes two aspects from the concrete reality to the abstract thinking and from the abstract thinking to the concrete thinking. The former link highlights Marx’s view of history, the latter link digests the view of history and forms the view of social criticism. For a long time, the discussion of abstract and concrete dialectics led to the misinterpretation of the latter part because it did not clarify the historical connotation of the previous link, and all kinds of misunderstandings of the philosophy of historical materialism occurred in the fields of economics and philosophy.