取新生大鼠下丘脑分散培养１、３、７、１４ｄ的细胞，应用免疫细胞化学、电镜和图像分析等技术研究下丘脑神经元。结果显示：培养的下丘脑神经元可表达神经丝蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶；某些神经元突起可见串珠样膨体，突起末端有生长锥；电镜下，神经元胞质含丰富的蛋白质合成细胞器；神经元培养１～３ｄ生长最快；７ｄ，胞体面积和突起长度均达高峰值，１４ｄ时基本维持在７ｄ水平。 Hypothalamic cells were cultured in 1, 3, 7 and 14 days in hypothalamus of newborn rats. Hypothalamic neurons were studied by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and image analysis. The results showed that cultured hypothalamus neurons could express neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase. Some neurons showed bead-like enlargement in the process of protuberances and growth cones at the end of protuberances. Under electron microscope, the cytoplasm of neurons was rich Protein synthesis of organelles; neurons cultured fastest growing 1-3 days; 7d, cell body area and the length of the protuberance reached the peak, 14d remained at the level of 7d.