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目的探讨留守经历大学新生自我效能感、社会支持及心理健康之间的关系,为对大学生心理问题进行早期干预,提高其心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对福州某高校1 579名大学新生进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)以及自编大学新生留守基本情况问卷测试。结果留守新生中阳性检出率(SCL-90总分大于160分)为19%。留守经历新生心理健康得分高于无留守经历新生,在总分、躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感因子上差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.127,-3.149,-2.045,-2.608,P值均<0.05)。留守经历新生群体内部在性别、生源地、留守开始年龄、对家庭喜欢程度等变量上部分因子差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。SSRS总积分、GSES总分等各因素对大学生心理健康影响的结构方程模型拟合度良好(χ~2/v=6.22,RMSEA=1.214,其他拟合指数NFI,IFI,TLI,CFI值均>0.90)。结论留守经历新生的自我效能感和社会支持对其心理健康水平有预测作用。高校心理健康教育应高度重视留守经历新生,从自我效能感与社会支持两方面采取措施加以改善。
Objective To explore the relationship between self-efficacy, social support and mental health of left-behind college students, and to provide basis for early intervention of college students’ psychological problems and improvement of their mental health. Methods A total of 1 579 freshmen from a university in Fuzhou were assessed with SCL-90, SSRS, GSES, and self-efficacy scales Freshmen stay behind the basic situation questionnaire test. Results The positive rate of left-behind freshmen (SCL-90 score greater than 160) was 19%. Left-behind experience Freshmen’s mental health scores were higher than those who did not stay in school. There were significant differences in total scores, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and interpersonal sensitivity factors (t = -2.127, -3.149, -2.045, -2.608 , P <0.05). Staying experience Newborn groups within the gender, provenance, start of stay, the degree of family preference and other variables on the part of the factors were statistically significant (P <0.01). SSRS total score, GSES total score and other factors on the mental health of college students structural equation model fit good (χ ~ 2 / v = 6.22, RMSEA = 1.214, other fitting index NFI, IFI, TLI, CFI values> 0.90). Conclusion Left-behind experience newborn self-efficacy and social support have a positive effect on their mental health. Psychological health education in colleges and universities should attach great importance to staying freshmen, and take measures to improve the sense of self-efficacy and social support.