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目的调查分析一起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的原因和特征,为今后预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法对流感暴发群体进行现场流行病学调查,采集患者咽拭子检测病毒核酸。统计学处理采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行统计学分析,率的比较用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本起159例病例中男性62.9%、女性27.3%,98.7%为来自全国18个省市刚入学学生;集中军训的新生罹患率为14.0%,不军训的老生为1.7%;患者甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性期为症状出现后7~15 d;密切接触者发病率为6%~75%,平均37%;所有患者临床表现为轻症病例,经对症治疗或适当休息后全部痊愈;采取隔离为主的综合控制措施7 d后疫情平息。结论本起H1N1流感暴发疫情主要是因人群近距离密切接触传播引起,采取严格管理传染源,切断传播途径对控制疫情十分有效。
Objective To investigate the causes and characteristics of a school outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in a school and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control in the future. Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted on the outbreaks of influenza and the throat swabs were collected to detect viral nucleic acid. Statistical analysis SPSS 13.0 statistical software for statistical analysis, the rate of comparison withχ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results Of the 159 cases, 62.9% were males and 27.3% were females, 98.7% were freshmen from 18 provinces and cities in China. The freshman-infested rate of military training was 14.0%, and that of non-military training was 1.7%. In patients with type A H1N1 Influenza virus nucleic acid positive phase 7 to 15 days after the onset of symptoms; close contact with the incidence of 6% to 75%, an average of 37%; all patients with mild clinical manifestations, symptomatic treatment or adequate rest after all recovered; to take After seven days of isolation-based comprehensive control measures, the epidemic subsided. Conclusion The outbreak of H1N1 influenza was mainly caused by close contact and transmission of the population. It is very effective to strictly control the source of infection and cut off the route of transmission to control the epidemic.