目的分析南京市3~6岁儿童睡眠时间、睡眠障碍发生状况及相关影响因素,为预防和干预儿童睡眠问题提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,应用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(Children’s Sleep Habits Qusetionnaire,CSHQ)对1 122名3~6岁儿童进行调查。结果南京市学龄前儿童平均每天睡眠时间明显低于国内外同年龄段儿童基本需求标准,睡眠时间随年龄增加逐渐减少,不同性别间睡眠时间无显著差别;睡眠问题的发生率为35.7%。睡眠中多汗的发生率最高,达34%,其他依次为磨牙13.9%,打呼噜10.5%,睡眠辗转不安10.2%,说梦话8.9%,用口呼吸6.4%等;影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素有:年龄、家长对儿童的态度及教养方式、家庭类型、睡眠障碍相关症状的存在等;睡眠问题发生的主要影响因素有:性别、儿童健康状况、睡前情绪、儿童睡眠习惯、全天睡眠时间等。结论南京市学龄前儿童睡眠时间不足,睡眠质量差,睡眠问题的发生率较高,应引起社会及家长的重视。造成儿童睡眠时间不足和睡眠问题的因素较多,对其防治还需进一步深入研究。 Objective To analyze the sleep time and the incidence of sleep disorders in children aged 3 ~ 6 in Nanjing and its related factors, so as to provide basis for prevention and intervention of children’s sleep problems. Methods A total of 1 122 children aged 3 to 6 years were investigated by stratified cluster sampling method and Children’s Sleep Habits Qusetionnaire (CSHQ). Results The average daily sleep time of preschool children in Nanjing was significantly lower than the basic needs of children in same age at home and abroad. The sleep time decreased gradually with age, and there was no significant difference between different sex sleep time. The incidence of sleep problems was 35.7%. The incidence of hyperhidrosis was highest in sleep, up to 34%, followed by molars 13.9%, snoring 10.5%, restless sleep 10.2%, darling 8.9%, mouth breathing 6.4%, etc .; the main factors affecting children’s sleep time There are: age, parental attitudes toward children and parenting styles, family type, presence of sleep-related symptoms, etc. The main factors affecting sleep problems are gender, children’s health, bedtime emotion, children’s sleep habits, all-day sleep Time and so on. Conclusions The preschool children in Nanjing lack of sleep time, poor quality of sleep and high incidence of sleep problems should pay attention to the society and parents. Children lack of sleep time and sleep problems caused by many factors, its prevention and treatment needs further study.