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历史解释可以划分为建构主义、重构主义和解构主义三种模式。建构主义史学预设好解释的框架,以之解释历史;历史的意义不是来自于历史本身,而是被预设的解释框架制造出来。重构主义史学相信有一个绝对的“历史真实”存在着,认为通过对历史证据及其指涉的研究,可以发现这种真实。解构主义史学反思了作为知识的历史学本身,揭示了历史学与社会权力的紧密联系,更进一步指出传统史学信奉的历史学的客观性和真实性是虚假的。解构主义史学的努力将有助于历史学获得充分表达历史的自由。
Historical explanation can be divided into constructivism, reconstructionism and deconstructionism three modes. Constructivist historiography presupposes a framework for interpretation in order to explain history; the meaning of history does not come from history itself, but from a presupposed framework of interpretation. Reconstructivist historiography believes that there is an absolute “historical truth,” and believes that this truth can be found through a study of historical evidence and its remarks. Deconstruction historians reflect on the history itself as knowledge, reveal the close relationship between history and social power, and further point out that the objectivity and authenticity of the historical traditions are false. Deconstructionist historiography efforts will contribute to the history of access to fully express the freedom of history.