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新闻背景
各国禁烟法
截至2006年10月，全世界已经有154个国家和地区颁布了公共场所禁止吸烟的规定。爱尔兰是世界上第一个立法规定工作场所禁烟的国家。加拿大和美国也通过省或者州级立法措施实现无烟化。新加坡环境局规定娱乐场所经营者看到有烟客违法或接获投诉时必须采取行动，对没有严格执行规定或及时劝阻的经营者也会进行罚款。在澳大利亚，禁烟令规定在公共场所不允许任何人抽烟，不准有烟灰缸、火柴、打火机和其他抽烟用品，并且明确了“公共场所”的定义。
世界卫生组织制定的《烟草控制框架公约》于2011年在中国全面实施。这意味着中国要在三年内实现室内工作场所、公共交通工具、室内公共场所全面禁烟的承诺。
Russians love to smoke. In fact， 40% of them do. That’s 44 million people lighting up in restaurants， bars and on public transport. But that was before. Now， if you want to smoke in Russia， you’re exiled to the pavement. Almost 400，000 Russians died from smoking-related diseases in 2012， and so President Putin has brought in a new law 1）in a bid to improve public health.
Student： （via translator） I think that it’s right not to smoke in public places. You have to respect the interests of non-smokers because the air is public. To make it dirtier is bad.
This law expands on one brought in last year， which banned people smoking in workplaces， 2）housing block stairwells， buses and commuter trains， as well as within 15 metres of train stations and airports. Now the ban has extended to restaurants. Many of them have emptied.
Igor Bukharov （Pres. of Moscow Restaurant Federation）： （via translator） We are seeing less clients. It’s not clear when they will come back. We asked for the law to be introduced in the summer so people could go onto the streets and smoke there. That would make the transition smoother.
As part of the new law， too， cigarettes can no longer be put on display in shops or sold in 3）kiosks. But with so many smokers’ minds to change， many think there is only one way this ban will work.
Resident： （via translator） Only a system of fines will help to solve this. In Russia， the best punishment is a fine. Fines regulate everything. It’s like with the safety belts. When the fines were raised， everybody started to fasten them.
Since the tax on cigarettes went up last year， the government says fewer people now smoke. Those that still do have taken to the streets this week to obey the law， but the true test of this new ban will be in a few months when we’ll see if smokers will still go outside for a cigarette in the cold Russian winter.
俄罗斯人喜欢抽烟。事实上，40%的俄罗斯人都是烟民。这就意味着四千四百万人会在饭店、酒吧，以及公共交通设施内抽烟。不过那都是过去的事情了。如今，如果你在俄罗斯想吸烟，就会被赶到人行道上去。在2012年，近四十万俄罗斯人死于由吸烟引起的各种疾病，普京总统因而颁发一项新法令，以改善公众健康。
学生：（通过翻译）我认为在公众场所禁烟是对的。你得尊重非吸烟人士的利益，因为空气是大家的，污染空气不好。
该法令是对去年颁布的一项禁令的扩展。去年的禁令规定了工作场所、公寓楼梯间、公交车、通勤列车，以及火车站和机场周边15米范围内都是禁烟范围。如今，新禁令将范围扩大到餐馆，结果是许多饭店人去楼空。
伊戈尔·布哈罗夫（莫斯科餐饮联合会主席）：（通过翻译）我们发现顾客有所减少，现在还不清楚他们什么时候会回来光顾。我们曾请求（有关方面）在夏天开始实施这一条例，这样客人就可以到外面的街上吸烟，这会让过渡更加顺畅。
同时，新条例还规定商店不得再陈列香烟，报刊亭不得售卖香烟。不过，要改变那么多烟民的想法，许多人认为这条禁令只能靠一个办法才会奏效。
居民：（通过翻译）只有建立一个罚款制度才能解决这个问题。在俄罗斯，罚款是最有效的惩罚，罚单让一切井然有序。就像安全带一样，自从罚款金额上调后，每个人都开始系安全带了。
由于去年提高了香烟税，政府表示如今吸烟的人数有所减少。那些依然故我的烟民本周开始就要遵照法令到街上吸烟，但是这一新禁令还要再等几个月才会面临真正的考验：我们只管看看在那冷飕飕的俄罗斯冬天里，烟民还会不会跑到外面去抽烟吧。
各国禁烟法
截至2006年10月，全世界已经有154个国家和地区颁布了公共场所禁止吸烟的规定。爱尔兰是世界上第一个立法规定工作场所禁烟的国家。加拿大和美国也通过省或者州级立法措施实现无烟化。新加坡环境局规定娱乐场所经营者看到有烟客违法或接获投诉时必须采取行动，对没有严格执行规定或及时劝阻的经营者也会进行罚款。在澳大利亚，禁烟令规定在公共场所不允许任何人抽烟，不准有烟灰缸、火柴、打火机和其他抽烟用品，并且明确了“公共场所”的定义。
世界卫生组织制定的《烟草控制框架公约》于2011年在中国全面实施。这意味着中国要在三年内实现室内工作场所、公共交通工具、室内公共场所全面禁烟的承诺。
Russians love to smoke. In fact， 40% of them do. That’s 44 million people lighting up in restaurants， bars and on public transport. But that was before. Now， if you want to smoke in Russia， you’re exiled to the pavement. Almost 400，000 Russians died from smoking-related diseases in 2012， and so President Putin has brought in a new law 1）in a bid to improve public health.
Student： （via translator） I think that it’s right not to smoke in public places. You have to respect the interests of non-smokers because the air is public. To make it dirtier is bad.
This law expands on one brought in last year， which banned people smoking in workplaces， 2）housing block stairwells， buses and commuter trains， as well as within 15 metres of train stations and airports. Now the ban has extended to restaurants. Many of them have emptied.
Igor Bukharov （Pres. of Moscow Restaurant Federation）： （via translator） We are seeing less clients. It’s not clear when they will come back. We asked for the law to be introduced in the summer so people could go onto the streets and smoke there. That would make the transition smoother.
As part of the new law， too， cigarettes can no longer be put on display in shops or sold in 3）kiosks. But with so many smokers’ minds to change， many think there is only one way this ban will work.
Resident： （via translator） Only a system of fines will help to solve this. In Russia， the best punishment is a fine. Fines regulate everything. It’s like with the safety belts. When the fines were raised， everybody started to fasten them.
Since the tax on cigarettes went up last year， the government says fewer people now smoke. Those that still do have taken to the streets this week to obey the law， but the true test of this new ban will be in a few months when we’ll see if smokers will still go outside for a cigarette in the cold Russian winter.
俄罗斯人喜欢抽烟。事实上，40%的俄罗斯人都是烟民。这就意味着四千四百万人会在饭店、酒吧，以及公共交通设施内抽烟。不过那都是过去的事情了。如今，如果你在俄罗斯想吸烟，就会被赶到人行道上去。在2012年，近四十万俄罗斯人死于由吸烟引起的各种疾病，普京总统因而颁发一项新法令，以改善公众健康。
学生：（通过翻译）我认为在公众场所禁烟是对的。你得尊重非吸烟人士的利益，因为空气是大家的，污染空气不好。
该法令是对去年颁布的一项禁令的扩展。去年的禁令规定了工作场所、公寓楼梯间、公交车、通勤列车，以及火车站和机场周边15米范围内都是禁烟范围。如今，新禁令将范围扩大到餐馆，结果是许多饭店人去楼空。
伊戈尔·布哈罗夫（莫斯科餐饮联合会主席）：（通过翻译）我们发现顾客有所减少，现在还不清楚他们什么时候会回来光顾。我们曾请求（有关方面）在夏天开始实施这一条例，这样客人就可以到外面的街上吸烟，这会让过渡更加顺畅。
同时，新条例还规定商店不得再陈列香烟，报刊亭不得售卖香烟。不过，要改变那么多烟民的想法，许多人认为这条禁令只能靠一个办法才会奏效。
居民：（通过翻译）只有建立一个罚款制度才能解决这个问题。在俄罗斯，罚款是最有效的惩罚，罚单让一切井然有序。就像安全带一样，自从罚款金额上调后，每个人都开始系安全带了。
由于去年提高了香烟税，政府表示如今吸烟的人数有所减少。那些依然故我的烟民本周开始就要遵照法令到街上吸烟，但是这一新禁令还要再等几个月才会面临真正的考验：我们只管看看在那冷飕飕的俄罗斯冬天里，烟民还会不会跑到外面去抽烟吧。