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水域生态系统人口承载力研究展示了水域生态系统对社会经济发展的支撑作用,为水域生态系统科学管理及水产资源合理配置提供理论依据。本文定义了水域生态系统人口承载力的概念,对中国水域生态系统人口承载力的现状及发展趋势进行了评价和预测。结果表明:2000-2010年中国水域人口承载力由1.758×108人逐年递增到2.549×108人,标准海域人口承载力基本不变维持在0.2-0.3人/公顷之间,标准内陆水域人口承载力由1.8人/公顷增加到3.2人/公顷。分析表明:中国内陆水域人口承载力表现出显著的地域差异。中国东南沿海、长江流域内陆水域分布广泛,水产养殖业发达的地区,水域人口承载力高;西北水资源匮乏,水域分布较少,淡水捕捞量少,水产养殖业发展缓慢,水域人口承载力低。另外,通过预测2030年水域人口承载力可知,中国水域人口承载力仍有很大的提高潜力。
The research on the population carrying capacity of water ecosystem shows that the water ecosystem plays a supportive role in socio-economic development and provides a theoretical basis for the scientific management of aquatic ecosystem and the rational allocation of aquatic resources. This paper defines the concept of population carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems, and evaluates and forecasts the status quo and development trend of population carrying capacity of Chinese water ecosystems. The results show that from 2000 to 2010, the population carrying capacity of Chinese waters increased from 1.758 × 108 to 2.549 × 108 annually. The carrying capacity of population in standard sea areas remained unchanged at 0.2-0.3 person / ha. The standard inland water area population carrying capacity The force increased from 1.8 persons / hectare to 3.2 persons / hectare. The analysis shows that the population carrying capacity of inland waters of China shows significant regional differences. China’s southeastern coast, the Yangtze River valley inland waters are widely distributed, aquaculture developed areas, the water population carrying capacity is high; lack of water resources in the northwest, less water distribution, less freshwater catch, aquaculture development is slow, water population carrying capacity low. In addition, by predicting the carrying capacity of water area in 2030, we can see that the carrying capacity of water in China’s water area still has a great potential for improvement.