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通过米粒粒型分类,对2013-2014年通过四川省审定的36个中籼杂交水稻组合的主要品质性状进行了分析,并研究了品质性状指标间的相关关系。结果表明,36个组合中只有2个组合的稻米品质指标全部达国颁优质稻谷标准3级以上,这2个组合的米粒长宽比都在2.9以上;在单个品质性状指标中,这些组合优质达标率(达到国颁优质稻谷标准3级以上)最高的是糙米率,其次是胶稠度,第三是整精米率,达标率较低的是垩白粒率和垩白度。长米粒型组合垩白粒率和垩白度优质达标率均为16.67%,中米粒型组合分别为0和14.29%,短米粒型组合分别为10.00%和0。垩白粒率和垩白度是中籼杂交稻组合稻米品质提升的主要障碍因子。品质性状相关分析结果:垩白粒率和垩白度与米粒长宽比呈极显著负相关,与直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关;在长米粒型组合中,垩白粒率、垩白度与直链淀粉含量显著或极显著正相关;在中米粒型组合中,垩白粒率、垩白度与米粒长宽比显著或极显著负相关,与直链淀粉含量极显著正相关;在短米粒型组合中,垩白粒率和垩白度与其他主要品质性状相关性均不显著。建议在遗传改良中籼杂交稻垩白粒率和垩白度时可以从粒型着手,选择米粒粒型偏长、容重大、无裂纹、近圆柱形的材料和组合。
The main quality traits of 36 indica hybrid rice combinations approved by Sichuan Province in 2013-2014 were analyzed by the classification of rice grains and the correlation between quality traits was studied. The results showed that only two out of 36 combinations had all the rice quality indicators above grade 3 of Guosheng quality rice, and the grain length-width ratios of these two combinations were both above 2.9. Among the single quality traits, these combinations were of high quality The highest rate of brown rice rate, followed by the gel consistency, the third is the rate of whole milled rice, the lower the standard rate is the chalky grain rate and chalkyness. The grain quality of long grain type and chalky grain grade were 16.67% and 0 and 14.29% for medium grain type and 10.00% and 0% for short grain type, respectively. Chalkiness and chalkiness are the main obstacles to the improvement of rice quality in hybrid rice combinations. Correlation analysis of quality traits showed that chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree had extremely significant negative correlation with aspect ratio and positive correlation with amylose content. In grain combination of long grain variety, chalky grain rate, chalky grain The degree of amylose content was significantly or very significantly positively correlated with grain weight. Among the medium grain type combinations, chalky grain percentage and chalkiness were significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with grain length and breadth ratio, but significantly and positively correlated with amylose content. In the short grain combination, chalky grain rate and chalkiness were not significantly correlated with other major quality traits. It is suggested that grain size should be used for the improvement of chalky grain rate and chalkiness of indica hybrid rice, and the material and combination of grain length should be selected.