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目的 调查染织工死亡情况 ,探讨染织工健康监护工作。方法 逐年登记 1990～ 1997年某染织厂职工死亡情况、原从事工作岗位和吸烟与否等 ,并统计分析不同死因的职工标准化死亡比例比 (SPMR)。结果 ①织布车间噪声强度范围为 87 8～ 10 2 7dB(A) ,超过 90dB(A)占 5 7 1% ( 4/ 7) ;棉尘浓度范围 0 67～ 1 5 9mg/m3;②主要死因为肿瘤 2 9人 ( 43 3% ) ,其次是心血管疾病 2 2人 ( 32 8% ) ;③SPMR值提示染织工死于恶性肿瘤和心血管疾病的人数比广州一般人群死亡数高 ,以男肝癌和女乳腺癌为主 ,其中男泳染工死于肝癌的SPMR为 65 5 74% ,女织布工死于乳腺癌的SPMR为869 5 7% ,均非常显著高于广州一般人群相同性别相应癌的死亡构成 (P <0 0 1)。结论 染织厂染料及其中间产物的致癌性不能排除 ;织布女工乳腺癌高发值得进一步探讨 ;在染织工中很有必要提倡不吸烟或戒烟 ,并将其作为厂规之一加以限制。
Objective To investigate the death of dyeing and weavers, and to discuss the health surveillance of dyeing and weavers. Methods Registered annually from 1990 to 1997, the death of a worker in a dyeing and weaving factory, the original work position, and the status of smoking or not, and statistically analyzed the standardized death ratio ratio (SPMR) of workers with different causes of death. Results 1 The noise intensity of the weaving workshop was 87 8 - 10 27 dB (A), more than 90 dB (A) accounted for 5 7 1% (4 / 7), and the cotton dust concentration range was 0 67 - 1 5 9 mg/m 3 ; Deaths were due to 29 (43 3%) of tumors, followed by 22 (32.8%) of cardiovascular diseases; 3SPMR values suggested that the number of deaths from dyeing and weavers who died of malignant tumors and cardiovascular diseases was higher than that of the general population in Guangzhou. Mainly male and female breast cancers, among which male swimmers died of liver cancer SPMR 65 5 74%, female weavers died of breast cancer SPMR 869 5 7%, are significantly higher than the Guangzhou general population The corresponding sex of the corresponding gender of the death constitutes (P <0 01). Conclusion The carcinogenicity of dyes and their intermediates in dyeing factories cannot be ruled out; the high incidence of breast cancer in weaver women workers is worthy of further study; it is necessary to promote non-smoking or quit smoking in dyeing and weaving workers, and limit it as one of the factory regulations.