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目的比较脑电生物反馈治疗不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的疗效。方法采用自身前后对照设计,收集临床确诊并经脑电生物反馈治疗的54例ADHD患儿,采用SNAP-Ⅳ量表分别于治疗前、治疗结束、治疗后3月和6个月进行评定。结果治疗结束、治疗后3个月和6个月三亚型患儿SNAP-Ⅳ评分显著低于治疗前(P均<0.01)。治疗结束时注意缺陷型和混合型患儿降低分值显著高于多动冲动型,三组有效率分别为84.21%、60.87%、41.67%,差别有统计学意义(χ2=6.111,P=0.047)。3个月时混合型患儿评分差值(与治疗前比较)显著高于多动冲动型患儿(P<0.01),各组有效率和缓解率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6个月时三组患儿评分差值、有效率和缓解率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论脑电生物反馈能有效治疗ADHD;对不同亚型ADHD的疗效不同,临床应根据分型选择最佳治疗方案。
Objective To compare the efficacy of electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback in children with different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods A total of 54 children with ADHD who were clinically diagnosed and treated by EEG biofeedback were enrolled in this study. Before and after the treatment, SNAP-IV was used to evaluate the effects of the treatment on ADHD patients at 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Results At the end of treatment, SNAP-Ⅳ scores of children with Sanya subtype at 3 months and 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P <0.01). At the end of treatment, the scores of reducing deficits and mixed children were significantly higher than those of multiple impulses. The effective rates of the three groups were 84.21%, 60.87% and 41.67%, respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 6.111, P = 0.047 ). At 3 months, the score difference of mixed children was significantly higher than that of hyperactive children (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the effective rate and remission rate (P> 0.05). At 6 months, there was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of score, effective rate and remission rate (P> 0.05). Conclusions EEG biofeedback can effectively treat ADHD. The efficacy of different subtypes of ADHD is different, and the best clinical treatment should be selected according to the classification.