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南京东郊典型蔬菜基地地表水环境质量的调查分析表明:(1)在当前的生产和生活条件下,地表水尚未受Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd和Cr污染,但有不同程度的氮、磷污染。(2)河流氮、磷污染比池塘严重。河流水中氨氮和水溶性磷的比例相对较高,而池塘水中硝态氮、有机氮和有机磷的比例相对较高,这种差别有助于识别地表水中氮、磷的来源。河流底泥中总氮、总磷和重金属含量(Cr除外)比塘泥高,表明河水氮、磷及重金属污染风险比池塘水高。(3)南京东郊蔬菜基地地表水中氮、磷及重金属主要来自城市生活污水的排放,其次来自蔬菜栽培中有机肥过量投入造成的流失。因此,保护城郊地表水应从城市生活污水净化和蔬菜栽培中有机肥的合理施用入手。
The investigation and analysis of the surface water quality of typical vegetable bases in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing shows that: (1) Under the current production and living conditions, surface water is not yet contaminated by Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr, but with varying degrees of nitrogen and phosphorus Pollution. (2) River pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus is serious than ponds. The ratio of ammonia nitrogen to water-soluble phosphorus in river water is relatively high, while the proportion of nitrate nitrogen, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus in pond water is relatively high, which is helpful to identify the source of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals (excluding Cr) in river sediments were higher than those in ponds, indicating that the risk of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal pollution in river water is higher than that of pond water. (3) Nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the surface water of vegetable base in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing are mainly from the discharge of urban domestic sewage, followed by the loss of excessive input of organic fertilizers in vegetable cultivation. Therefore, the protection of suburban surface water should be from the city sewage purification and vegetable cultivation in the rational use of organic fertilizer to start.