目的研究以“乳头溢液”为主诉的乳腺癌的诊断方法及其病理特征。方法回顾性分析了22例以“乳头溢液”为主诉的乳腺癌的诊断方法,包括乳腺B超、乳腺X线、溢液涂片细胞学、乳管镜、术中冰冻切片检查及其病理特点。结果乳腺B超、乳腺X线、术中冰冻切片的检出率分别为11.8%、20.0%、35.7%。溢液涂片细胞学检查3例发现癌细胞,6例高度怀疑癌细胞;6例患者行乳管镜检查,未提示乳腺癌。病理检查为原位癌9例,浸润性癌13例。雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、Her-2阳性率分别为80.0%、86.7%、33.3%。结论联合B超、乳腺X线、溢液涂片细胞学检查等手段可使乳腺癌的检出率有一定提高,对于有高危因素的患者仍应行乳腺导管切除活检。 Objective To study the diagnostic method of breast cancer with “nipple discharge” as main complaint and its pathological features. Methods A retrospective analysis of 22 cases of “nipple discharge” as the chief complaint of breast cancer diagnosis methods, including breast B ultrasound, mammography, discharge smear cytology, ductoscopy, intraoperative frozen section examination and pathology Features. Results The detection rates of breast ultrasonography, breast X-ray and intraoperative frozen section were 11.8%, 20.0% and 35.7% respectively. Exudate smear cytology 3 cases of cancer cells were found, 6 cases of highly suspected cancer cells; 6 patients underwent ductoscopy, did not prompt breast cancer. Pathological examination of 9 cases of carcinoma in situ, invasive carcinoma in 13 cases. The positive rates of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2 were 80.0%, 86.7% and 33.3% respectively. Conclusions Combined detection of B-mode ultrasound, mammography, cytology and cytology can improve the detection rate of breast cancer. Breast duct biopsy should still be performed in patients with high-risk factors.