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近年来,冤案纠正难问题引发社会公众的关注。从冤案纠正的历程来看,冤案纠正时长平均需要10年,冤案发现主要源于“真凶出现”或“被害人归来”等极为偶然的因素,当事人要经历反复而曲折的申诉、驳回、再申诉过程,才有机会启动再审程序。冤案无可避免,美国、英国、加拿大等国家冤案纠正机制具有审查机构独立、调查权广泛、主动纠错等鲜明特点,成效明显。本文旨在借鉴国外冤案纠正机制基础上,对健全我国现有冤案纠正机制提出畅通申诉渠道,降低启动再审程序的条件,设立独立冤案审查机构,提出建立“无辜者项目”等建议。
In recent years, the injustice to correct the difficult issue aroused the public’s attention. From the process of correcting injustice, it takes an average of 10 years to rectify the injustice. The discovery of injustice mainly comes from the extremely accidental factors such as the occurrence of “murderers” or “victims”. The parties have to undergo repeated and tortuous appeals, Rejected, then the appeal process, have the opportunity to start the retrial procedure. Unjust cases are inevitable, the United States, Britain, Canada and other countries have innocent mechanisms for correcting injustices review agencies a wide range of investigations, the initiative error correction and other distinctive features, the effect is obvious. On the basis of referring to the mechanism of correcting injustice in foreign countries, this article aims to put forward a clear complaint channel to improve the existing mechanism of correcting injustice in our country, reduce the conditions of the procedure of initiation and retrial, set up an independent organization of injustice review and propose the establishment of “Innocent Project” and other suggestions.