目的探讨婴幼儿气质和智能发育的相关性。方法选取该院儿保门诊进行健康体检的8~36个月婴幼儿为研究对象,采用婴儿气质问卷、幼儿气质评估表,对241名婴幼儿分年龄组进行气质类型和气质维度测评,同时采用首都儿科研究所研制的0~6岁儿童神经心理发育测试量表进行神经心理发育水平评估。结果气质类型与智力发育水平有正相关性(P<0.05),智能超常的婴幼儿多为易养型和中间偏易养型气质,气质类型与智力各大能区无明显相关性(P>0.05)。气质维度中趋避性和情绪本质与智力发育水平有负相关性(P<0.05、P<0.01),智能超常的婴幼儿多有易接近和情绪积极的气质特点;而坚持性与智力各大能区均有负相关性(P<0.01或P<0.05),即坚持性高的婴幼儿智力各大能区均发展良好。结论婴幼儿气质和智能存在一定的相关性,要根据不同的气质特点对婴幼儿进行个体化的教育,促进婴幼儿智能发育。 Objective To explore the correlation between infant temperament and intelligence development. Methods Eight to 36-month-old infants and young children aged from 8 to 36 months undergoing physical examination in this hospital were enrolled in this study. The infants’ temperament questionnaire and assessment of infant temperament were used to evaluate the type of temperament and temperament of 241 infants in each age group. Simultaneously, The Neuropsychological Developmental Test Scale for children aged 0-6 years developed by the Capital Institute of Pediatrics was evaluated for neuropsychological development. Results There was a positive correlation between the type of temperament and the level of mental development (P <0.05). Most of the infants with intelligence abnormalities were mostly eutopic and middle-easterly temperament types. There was no significant correlation between temperament types and major mental regions (P> 0.05). There was a negative correlation between avoidance and the nature of emotions and the level of mental development in temperament dimensions (P <0.05, P <0.01). Most infants with intelligence abilities were more accessible and emotionally positive temperament characteristics. (P <0.01 or P <0.05), that is to say, all the energetic regions of infants and young children with high adherence developed well. Conclusion There is a certain correlation between the temperament and intelligence of infants and toddlers. Individualized education of infants and toddlers should be based on different temperament characteristics to promote the intelligent development of infants and toddlers.