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居住与就业是城市的基本功能活动,其空间配置决定了居民的通勤行为,从而对城市发展和居民生活产生显著影响,因此开展城市的通勤效率研究对优化居住与就业的空间分布,实现城市可持续发展等方面尤为重要。基于北京都市区居民问卷调查数据,通过理论通勤、过剩通勤、通勤容量等相关模型对居民的通勤效率进行评价;在此基础上,着重分析了公共交通出行与私家车出行之间的通勤效率差异性。研究表明:1北京都市区居民的通勤出行中有64.48%属于过剩通勤,从通勤容量使用率来看都市区仅为32.49%,反映了目前居住与就业失衡的现实情况;2从不同出行方式来看,公共交通过剩通勤程度更高,即私家车出行的通勤效率要高于公共交通,表明公共交通出行依然存在较大的优化提升空间;3从通勤效率差异的影响因素来看,就业可达性变量显著影响公共交通通勤,对私家车通勤时间的影响没有通过显著性检验;年龄、学历、平均月收入、住房产权等与二者显著相关,但性别、家庭结构的影响都不显著;居住密度及居住地空间位置对公共交通、私家车通勤时间都具有一定影响,但就业密度及就业地空间位置对不同出行方式通勤时间的影响则不显著,认为城市应当鼓励公共交通出行,通过提高公共交通的通达性、对私家车征收拥挤费用等措施来弥补公共交通与私家车出行之间的不平等性。
Residency and employment are the basic functional activities of the city. The spatial configuration determines the commuting behavior of residents, which has a significant impact on urban development and residential life. Therefore, carrying out urban commuting efficiency research to optimize the spatial distribution of residence and employment, Sustainable development is particularly important. Based on the survey data of residents in Beijing metropolitan area, this paper evaluates the commute efficiency of commuters by theoretical commuting, excess commuting, commuting capacity and other related models. On this basis, it mainly analyzes the difference of commuting efficiency between public transport and private cars Sex. The results show that: 1. 64.48% of commuters in Beijing metropolitan area commute to excess commute, only 32.49% in metropolitan area, which reflects the current situation of urbanization and employment imbalance; 2 from different modes of travel It can be seen that public transportation has a higher degree of commuter commute, that is to say, the commute efficiency of private car travel is higher than that of public transport, indicating that there is still a large room for optimization and improvement of public transport travel. Thirdly, from the influencing factors of commuting efficiency differences, Sex variables significantly affect public transport commuting, the impact on the commuter time of private cars did not pass the significant test; age, education, average monthly income, housing property rights were significantly related to the two, but the gender and family structure had no significant effect; The density and the spatial location of residence have some impact on public transport and private car commuting time, but the employment density and the location of employment have no significant effect on the commute time of different modes of travel. It is believed that cities should encourage public transport to travel, Accessibility of transport, congestion of private cars and other measures to make up for public transport and private car travel Inequalities between.