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江淮地区水稻田间小区施钾效应试验结果表明,施钾能明显提高水稻产量,改善水稻生育性状,在氮磷肥充足时,钾肥的增产效果极其显著。水稻钾吸收量明显以秸秆吸钾量为主,约为籽粒吸钾量的5倍。N来自土壤的数量为120.30 kg hm-2;K2O来自土壤的数量为72.83kg hm-2。NPK全素施钾处理吸钾总量平均高出NP处理48.79%,籽粒和秸秆分别平均增加9.21%和56.8%;说明钾吸收量增加对秸秆产量贡献明显小于对籽粒产量的贡献。除最高施钾量和不施氮处理外,其余处理均出现不同程度钾素亏缺,说明在不施氮肥或氮肥不足的情况下,水稻对肥料钾的吸收量也相应减少。本试验钾肥(K2O)产投比以NPK2处理最高为2.54。综上所述,本地区同等肥力土壤,水稻钾肥推荐用量为120kg hm-2,根据土壤钾素平衡状况,水稻施钾量可适当增加。
The results of potassium application experiment in paddy field plot in Jianghuai region showed that applying potassium could obviously increase the yield of rice and improve the fertility trait of rice. When sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus were available, the yield increase of potash fertilizer was extremely significant. Significantly, the amount of potassium absorbed by rice straw was mainly about 5 times of potassium absorbed by grain. N was from soil 120.30 kg hm-2; K2O was from soil 72.83 kg hm-2. The total amount of K uptake by potassium NPK application was 48.79% higher than that of NP treatment and the average increase of 9.21% and 56.8% with grain and straw respectively. It indicated that the increase of K uptake was less than the contribution to grain yield. In addition to the highest potassium application rate and non-nitrogen treatment, the remaining treatments showed different levels of potassium deficiency, indicating that under the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer or insufficient nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer K absorbed by rice decreased correspondingly. The K2O production ratio of this experiment with NPK2 treatment up to 2.54. In summary, the same fertile soil in the region, the recommended amount of paddy rice fertilizer 120kg hm-2, according to soil potassium balance, the amount of potassium applied may be appropriate to increase.