【目的】　探讨儿童呼吸道异物误诊误治的原因及预防。　【方法】　收集分析耳鼻咽喉科 3 8年间儿童呼吸道异物误诊误治 3 0 4例的资料。　【结果】　重视病史及体征变化是防止误诊的主要措施。X线检查在诊断中必不可少。　【结论】　临床医师应意识到呼吸道异物的危害性 ,一旦误诊误治 ,会造成不良后果 【Objective】 To investigate the causes and prevention of misdiagnosis and mistreatment of foreign airway in children. 【Methods】 Data of misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of 340 cases of foreign airway foreign bodies in children with otorhinolaryngology during 38 years were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 Emphasis on history and signs of change is to prevent misdiagnosis of the main measures. X-ray examination in the diagnosis is essential. 【Conclusions】 Clinicians should be aware of the harmfulness of foreign body in respiratory tract. Once misdiagnosed and mistreated, it will cause adverse consequences