AIM:To evaluate the histopathological findings of type C liver disease to determine risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:We studied 232 patients,who underwent liver biopsy for type C chronic liver disease between 1992 and 2009,with sustained virological response(SVR)after interferon therapy.The patients were divided into two groups according to the F stage 0+1+2 group(n = 182)and F3+4 group(n = 50).We prospectively observed and compared the incidence of HCC of the patients with SVR in the F0+1+2 and F3+4 groups.Then,the background factors and liver histopathological findings,including the degree of fibrosis,F stage,inflammation,necrosis,bile duct obstruction,fat deposition,and degree of irregular regeneration(IR)of hepatocytes,were correlated with the risk of developing HCC.RESULTS:HCC developed in three of 182(1.6%)patients in the F0+1+2 group,and four of 50(8.0%)in the F3+4 group.The cumulative incidence of HCC in the former group was found to be significantly lower than in the F3+4 group(log rank test P = 0.0224).The presence of atypical hepatocytes among IR of hepatocytes in the F3+4 group resulted in a higher cumulative incidence of HCC,and was significantly correlated with risk of HCC development(RR = 20.748,95%CI:1.335-322.5,P = 0.0303).CONCLUSION:Atypical hepatocytes among the histopathological findings of type C liver disease may be an important risk factor for HCC development along with progression of liver fibrosis. AIM: To evaluate the histopathological findings of type C liver disease to determine risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We studied 232 patients, who underwent liver biopsy for type C chronic liver disease between 1992 and 2009, with sustained virological response (SVR) after interferon therapy.The patients were divided into two groups according to the F stage 0 + 1 + 2 group (n = 182) and F3 + 4 group (n = 50) .We prospectively observed and compared the incidence of HCC of the patients with SVR in the F0 + 1 + 2 and F3 + 4 groups. Chen, the background factors and liver histopathological findings, including the degree of fibrosis, F stage, inflammation, necrosis, bile duct obstruction, fat deposition, and degrees of irregular regeneration (IR) of hepatocytes, were correlated with the risk of developing HCC. RESULTS: HCC developed in three of 182 (1.6%) patients in the F0 + 1 + 2 group, and four of 50 the F3 + 4 group.The cumulative incidence of HCC in the former group was found to be sign The presence of atypical hepatocytes among the IR of hepatocytes in the F3 + 4 group resulted in a higher cumulative incidence of HCC, and was significantly correlated with the risk of HCC development (RR = 20.748, 95% CI: 1.335-322.5, P = 0.0303). CONCLUSION: Atypical hepatocytes among the histopathological findings of type C liver disease may be an important risk factor for HCC development along with progression of liver fibrosis.