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科学证据以科学技术手段为基础,而科学及其技术是有局限性的。因此,科学证据也是有风险的,容易失真,必须予以认真对待。科学证据失真的原因是多方面,包括客观科学技术发展水平的限制,也和人类有限的认识能力有关。应对科学证据失真的风险,需要注意以下几方面的问题:科学证据是一种专家意见,而法官才拥有裁判的权力;科学证据优于常规证据,但并不具有天然的优越性,更不是绝对的;不同类型的科学证据,其可采性标准及证明力是不同的;民事诉讼和刑事诉讼中不同证据规则的法理,制约着科学证据在司法实践中的实际效用;正义尤其个案正义的实现,必然要求科学证据参与必要的法律程序及其规则。
Scientific evidence is based on scientific and technological means, and science and its technology have limitations. Therefore, scientific evidence is also risky, easily distorted and must be taken seriously. There are many reasons for the distortion of scientific evidence, including restrictions on the level of development of objective science and technology and on the limited cognitive ability of human beings. There are several issues that need to be addressed in dealing with the risk of distorting scientific evidence: Scientific evidence is an expert opinion and judges have the power of adjudication; scientific evidence is superior to conventional evidence but does not have natural superiority, nor is it absolute ; Different types of scientific evidence have different admissibility criteria and different testimonies; the legal principles of different evidence rules in civil and criminal proceedings restrict the actual utility of scientific evidence in judicial practice; and the realization of justice, and in particular case justice , Inevitably require scientific evidence to participate in the necessary legal procedures and their rules.