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为明确山西省苹果树腐烂病菌的分布与组成,本研究采集并分离得到来自山西省8个苹果树种植区有代表性的78株腐烂病菌,通过形态特征观察及利用2个DNA片段(ITS和EF1α)构建系统发育树等方法对其遗传结构进行了研究。结果表明山西省苹果树腐烂病由苹果黑腐皮壳菌Valsa mali和梨黑腐皮壳菌Valsa pyri 2个致病种所致,其中V.pyri是优势种,分布于山西省各个苹果树种植区,占菌株总数的58.97%。以山西省8个苹果树种植区腐烂病菌各个种的相对频率进行聚类分析,欧式距离9作为聚类分割点将其种群结构分为3类。第Ⅰ类包括忻州、朔州2个苹果树种植区,V.pyri为该类型苹果树种植区的致病菌、相对频率为100%。第Ⅱ类包括晋城、长治、临汾、太原、运城5个苹果树种植区,V.pyri是这5个种植区的优势种。第Ⅲ类包含晋中1个苹果树种植区,V.mali是该种植区的优势种。
In order to clarify the distribution and composition of apple tree rot pathogens in Shanxi Province, 78 representative pathogenic bacteria from 8 apple tree growing areas in Shanxi Province were collected and isolated. Morphological characteristics and two DNA fragments (ITS and EF1α) to construct phylogenetic tree and other methods to study its genetic structure. The results showed that apple tree rot disease in Shanxi Province was caused by two pathogenic species, Valsa mali and Valsa pyri, among which V. pyri was the dominant species and was distributed in various apple tree planting in Shanxi Province District, accounting for 58.97% of the total number of strains. The cluster analysis was made on the relative frequency of each species of rot pathogen in eight apple tree planting areas in Shanxi Province. The Euclidean distance 9 was divided into three groups according to their clustering points. The first category includes Xinzhou, Shuozhou two apple tree planting areas, V. pyri is the type of apple tree planting area of the pathogenic bacteria, the relative frequency of 100%. The second category includes Jincheng, Changzhi, Linfen, Taiyuan and Yuncheng five apple tree planting areas, V. pyri is the dominant species in the five planting areas. The third category contains one apple tree planting area in Jinzhong, and V.mali is the dominant species in this planting area.