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1920s至今,塑料产业发展迅猛,海洋塑料污染问题日益严重.关于微型塑料(尺寸小于5 mm)对海洋生态系统的危害近年来受到国际社会的广泛关注.目前,我国关于河口和海岸带微型塑料的污染调查研究相对较少,开展相关研究将有利于海洋生态系统的管理、保护与健康.因此,本文以粤东第二大河流(榕江,汕头)入海口附近的自然沙滩为研究区域,选择榕江主干入海口、支流入海口和偏远海岸3个不同的区域,布设6个采样站位,调查和研究高潮线上部中小型塑料垃圾的组成、分布和来源.结果表明:榕江入海口自然沙滩废塑料的主要成分为塑料碎片(60%)、泡沫聚苯乙烯(27%)和前体颗粒(13%);各沙滩废塑料的平均密度为1067.67个·m-2,与世界其它地区同类的研究相比处于中等偏上的水平;废塑料的尺寸以直径小于5 mm的微型塑料为主,数量占总数的72%;微型塑料密度和塑料总密度在不同采样区域都呈现相同的趋势,即支流入海口附近海滩>主干入海口附近海滩>偏远海滩.对微型塑料的来源也作了初步探讨,河流上游塑料污染、河口附近城市的生活塑料垃圾排放及海上渔业活动是海滩微型塑料的主要潜在来源.
Since 1920s, the plastic industry has been developing rapidly, and the problem of marine plastic pollution is getting worse day by day.However, the harm to the marine ecosystem caused by micro-plastic (less than 5 mm in size) has drawn wide attention from the international community in recent years.At present, Due to the relatively few pollution investigations and researches, it is beneficial to the management, protection and health of the marine ecosystem.Therefore, taking the natural beach near the mouth of the estuary which is the second largest river in eastern Guangdong (Rongjiang and Shantou) as the research area, The three main areas of Rongjiang, such as the entrance to the sea mouth, tributaries into the sea mouth and the remote coast, set up 6 sampling stations to investigate and study the composition, distribution and sources of the small and medium-sized plastic garbage in the upper part of the climax line.The results show that: The main components of beach waste plastics are plastic chips (60%), styrofoam (27%) and precursor granules (13%). The average density of waste plastics on each beach is 1067.67 m-2. Compared with other parts of the world Compared with the same type of research in the middle level; the size of waste plastics to less than 5 mm in diameter of the main mini-plastic plastic, the number of the total number of 72%; micro-plastic density and total plastic density in the The sampling area showed the same trends, namely, the tributaries flowed into the beach near the sea mouth> the beaches near the mouth of the estuary> the remote beaches. The sources of the mini-plastic were also explored. Plastic pollution in the upper reaches of the river, plastic garbage in urban life near estuaries and sea Fisheries activities are the main potential source of beach mini-plastic.