目的　了解４ ～３６ 月儿童家长喂养知识、态度、行为（ Ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ 、Ａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅ 、Ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ ，ＫＡＰ） 现况。　方法　１９９８ 年４ ～５ 月在四川省崇州市对４ ～３６ 个月２３８ 例小儿家长进行了有关喂养知识、态度、行为问卷调查。　结果　①父母是喂养方式的主要决定者（ 占９５ ％ ） 。９８ ％ 母亲认为母乳喂养好，对母乳喂养持积极态度。②文化程度越高的母亲多采用减少喂奶次数和喂奶量的断乳方法，随着文化程度的降低，采用母子隔离者增多。③５３ ．４ ％的小儿在添加辅食时是“单独做”。④影响喂养方式及辅食添加方式的因素有：母亲文化程度、家庭收入、０ ～４ 月婴儿最佳喂养方式的认识、喂养方式的决定者及认为该开始添加辅食的时间。影响小儿偏食行为的因素有：父亲文化程度、儿童进食行为和吃零食习惯。⑤父亲文化程度及认为辅食开始添加的最好时间影响儿童体重Ｚｓｃｏｒｅ ；孩子偏食影响身长Ｚｓｃｏｒｅ ；母亲工种和添加辅食的方式影响身高别体重Ｚｓｃｏｒｅ 。　结论　母乳喂养知识的宣传力度、教育的深度和广度有待提高。家长对小儿辅食添加及饮食行为的ＫＡＰ 是相互关联的，宣传科学喂养知识，提倡科学喂养、适时添加辅食，尤其 Objective To understand the status of knowledge, attitude, behavior (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, KAP) of parents in 4 ~ 36 months. Methods From April to May 1998, 238 parents of children from 4 to 36 months in Chongzhou City, Sichuan Province were surveyed about feeding knowledge, attitude and behavior. Results ① Parents were the main determinants of feeding patterns (95%). 98% of mothers consider breastfeeding good and have a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. (2) The more educated mothers used the weaning method to reduce the frequency of feeding and the amount of milk fed. As the educational level decreased, the number of mothers and children using isolation increased. ③53. Four percent of children are “done alone” when they add complementary food. (4) The factors influencing the feeding mode and the supplementary feeding mode include the level of mother’s education, family income, the understanding of the best feeding mode of babies from April to April, the decision of feeding mode, and the time of starting to add food supplement. Factors affecting children’s partial eclipse behavior are: father’s education level, children’s eating behavior and eating habits. ⑤ father’s education level and think that the best time to add food supplement to affect children’s weight Zscore; child partial eclipse affect the length of Z  score; mother work and add complementary food to affect the height of weight Zscore. Conclusion The publicity of breastfeeding knowledge and the depth and breadth of education need to be improved. Parents of children complementary feeding and diet behavior K  A  P are interrelated, to promote scientific feeding knowledge, promote scientific feeding, timely food supplement, especially