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目的对比分析晚发支气管哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺功能及气道反应。方法晚发支气管哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者各30例。检测两组患者的肺功能指标:1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1.0)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)、气道阻力(Raw)、残气容积/肺总量(RV/TLC)。通过潮气量法测定气道反应性,醋甲胆碱(Mch)作为激发试剂。结果与晚发支气管哮喘患者相比,慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1.0)和最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)较低,而气道阻力(Raw)增高,P<0.05,有统计学意义;支气管激发实验后,慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者气道阻力(Raw)没有明显变化,而晚发支气管哮喘患者气道阻力(Raw)变化非常明显,这些都表明,与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者相比,晚发支气管哮喘患者气道可逆性增高,P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论肺功能检查与气道反应性测定,对晚发支气管哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断非常重要,值得临床推广。
Objective To compare the pulmonary function and airway response between late-onset bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods 30 patients with late-onset bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The pulmonary function parameters of the two groups were measured: FEV1.0, PEF, MMEF, Raw, residual volume / Total lung volume (RV / TLC). Airway responsiveness was determined by tidal volume method with methacholine (Mch) as the excitation reagent. Results Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) and lower maximal expiratory flow (MMEF) and increased airway resistance (Raw) in patients with late-onset bronchial asthma, P <0.05, statistically significant; bronchial provocation test, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with airway resistance (Raw) no significant change, and late-onset bronchial asthma patients with airway resistance (Raw) changes are very obvious, Compared with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, patients with late-onset bronchial asthma had an increased airway reversibility, P <0.05, statistically significant. Conclusion Pulmonary function tests and airway reactivity measurement are very important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of late-onset bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and are worthy of clinical promotion.