试验选择中国东部3个气候带上的主要农田土壤:寒温带黑龙江海伦的黏化湿润均腐土(黑土)、暖温带河南封丘的淡色潮润雏形土(潮土)和中亚热带江西鹰潭的黏化湿润富铁土(红壤),在海伦、封丘和鹰潭3个生态试验站建立土壤置换试验,研究玉米不同生育期水热条件和土壤类型对好氧性纤维素分解菌数量的影响。结果表明,暖温带气候条件下土壤好氧性纤维素分解菌数量高于中温带和中亚热带气候条件;土壤类型显著影响了土壤好氧性纤维素分解菌数量,变化顺序为黑土>潮土>红壤;在玉米不同生育期土壤纤维素分解菌数量的顺序均为抽雄期>收获后>种植前;施用化肥提高了土壤中好氧性纤维素分解菌的数量。相关分析显示土壤好氧性纤维素分解菌数量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、含水量和pH值呈显著正相关,土壤温度和含水量是影响土壤好氧性纤维素分解菌数量的重要环境因子。通径分析结果表明,土壤养分是决定土壤好氧性纤维素分解菌数量的主要因子,水热条件对其直接作用并不明显,但水热、施肥、土壤类型对纤维素分解菌数量有显著的交互作用。 The main farmland soils in the three climatic zones of eastern China were selected to test: the lightly humid tidal soil (black soil) of Helen in Heilongjiang Province in the temperate zone, the light tidal moisturization soil (foul soil) of Fengqiu in warm temperate zone and the sticky soil of Yingtan in Central Subtropical Jiangxi The red soil was changed into wet red soil. Soil replacement experiments were conducted at three ecological stations in Helen, Fengqiu and Yingtan so as to study the effects of hydrothermal conditions and soil types on the number of aerobic cellulolytic bacteria at different growth stages. The results showed that the number of soil aerobic cellulolytic bacteria in warm temperate climates was higher than that in moderate temperate and subtropical climates. The soil types significantly affected the amount of soil aerobic cellulolytic bacteria in the order of black soil> alluvial soil> Red soil. The order of soil cellulolytic bacteria in different growth stages of maize was tasselling stage> post-harvest> planting. The application of fertilizers increased the amount of aerobic cellulolytic bacteria in the soil. Correlation analysis showed that the number of soil aerobic cellulolytic bacteria was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, water content and pH value. Soil temperature and water content were the factors affecting soil aerobic cellulolytic bacteria The number of important environmental factors. The results of path analysis showed that soil nutrient was the main factor determining the amount of aerobic cellulolytic bacteria. The direct and indirect effects of hydrothermal conditions were not obvious, but the number of cellulolytic bacteria was significant under hydrothermal, fertilization and soil types Interaction.