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目的分析黄冈市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)流行特征和发病趋势,为今后的防制工作提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法,对黄冈市2005-2014年间1 751例甲肝病例进行分析,率的比较采用χ~2检验。结果黄冈市甲肝发病率从2005年的4.65/10万下降到2014年的0.75/10万,呈逐渐下降的趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=426.25,P<0.01);全年散发,无明显季节性,英山县(7.83/10万)和浠水县(5.40/10万)高发;男性发病率(3.54/10万)明显高于女性(1.58/10万)(P<0.05);病例主要集中在30岁以上人群,75.47%的病例是农民,农民、工人及民工发病数逐年稳步下降;实验室诊断病例比例从2005年的16.67%逐年上升到2014年的72.34%(χ_(趋势)~2=167.32,P<0.01)。结论黄冈市甲肝进入低流行状态,今后在进一步提高儿童甲肝疫苗接种率的同时,要做好其他重点人群的预防控制工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenesis of hepatitis A virus in Huanggang City and provide the basis for future prevention and control work. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to analyze 1,751 cases of hepatitis A from 2005 to 2014 in Huanggang City. The rates were compared using χ ~ 2 test. Results The incidence of hepatitis A in Huanggang decreased from 4.65 / 100 000 in 2005 to 0.75 / 100 000 in 2014, showing a gradual downward trend (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 426.25, P <0.01); The incidence of males (3.54 / 100000) was significantly higher than that of females (1.58 / 100000) (P <0.05). The cases were seasonal, with yingshan county (7.83 / 100000) and xishui county (5.40 / Mainly in people over the age of 30. 75.47% of the cases are the steady decline in the number of peasants, peasants, workers and migrant workers from year to year; the proportion of laboratory diagnoses rose from 16.67% in 2005 to 72.34% in 2014 (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 167.32, P <0.01). Conclusions Hepatitis A in Huanggang City has entered a low-prevalence state. In the future, we should further improve the prevention and control of hepatitis A vaccination among children at the same time as other key populations.