《史记》多载民间传闻,此与作者欲多角度解释历史有关。司马迁多次进行民间调查,从而在他的思想中不仅有上层精英思想,而且有民间信仰的成分。《史记》中的民间信仰形式多样,涉及社会各个方面。本文主要以司马迁的史官传统与思想复杂性、汉高祖布衣出身而造感生神话、汉武帝封禅与民间信仰的多层次性三方面对民间信仰进行探讨,从而试图揭示汉初的一些思想观念与民间信仰的密切关系。 “Historical Records” more than folk rumor, which with the author want to explain the history of multi-angle. Sima Qian repeated civil investigation, which in his thinking not only the elite thinking, but also the ingredients of folk beliefs. Folk records in the Records of the Historians are diverse and involve all aspects of society. This paper mainly discusses Sima Qian’s history tradition and ideological complexities, Han myths originating from the commoner’s birth and making a living myth, the feudal Buddhism of the Han Dynasty and the multi-layered nature of the folk beliefs, and tries to reveal some ideas and concepts of the early Han Dynasty Close relationship between folk beliefs.