目的探讨短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖水平的调控及对β细胞功能的影响。方法选择2011年1月至2012年12月收治的82例初诊2型糖尿病患者作为观察对象,随机分为口服降糖药物组(A组)40例和胰岛素强化治疗组(B组)42例。两组患者治疗前后均进行葡萄糖耐量试验,行空腹血糖和餐后2 h静脉血糖测量。比较两组治疗前后血糖控制情况,并对胰岛β细胞的功能恢复做出评价。结果治疗前两组空腹血糖、餐后2 h静脉血糖、Homaβ及HomaIR比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,B组较A组空腹血糖及餐后2 h静脉血糖下降更明显(P均<0.05);治疗后,两组Homaβ均明显上升(P均>0.01),且B组高于A组(P<0.05);B组HomaIR明显下降(P<0.05),且低于A组(P<0.05)。结论胰岛素强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病在改善胰岛β细胞功能方面疗效明显,能有效地平衡血糖和修复胰岛β细胞功能。 Objective To investigate the effects of short-term intensive insulin treatment on blood glucose levels and β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 82 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes admitted from January 2011 to December 2012 were randomly divided into oral hypoglycemic drugs group (A group) and insulin strengthening group (B group) (n = 42). Two groups of patients before and after treatment were glucose tolerance test, fasting blood glucose and postprandial 2 h venous blood glucose measurements. Blood glucose control before and after treatment was compared between two groups, and the functional recovery of islet β cells was evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose, HOMβ and HomaIR between the two groups before treatment (P> 0.05). After treatment, fasting blood glucose and venous blood glucose (P <0.05). After treatment, the Homaβ in both groups increased significantly (P> 0.01), and in group B was higher than that in group A (P <0.05); HomaIR in group B was significantly decreased (P <0.05) Lower than A group (P <0.05). Conclusions Insulin-fortified newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is effective in improving pancreatic β-cell function and can effectively balance blood glucose and repair pancreatic β-cell function.