目的了解农村留守与非留守儿童监护人健康素养差异情况,为进行农村留守儿童身心健康干预提供理论依据。方法随机整群抽取山东省聊城市高唐县735名学龄前儿童监护人进行健康素养问卷调查。结果 735名学龄前儿童中,留守儿童269人,占36.6%,非留守儿童466人,占63.4%;监护人知晓每年要健康体检1次的占57.7%,知晓保健品不能代替药品的占76.2%;了解孩子近期膳食情况的占41.5%,平时给孩子服用营养保健品的占28.0%,平时注重孩子饮食营养搭配的占78.6%,平时给孩子购买食物时注重营养价值和卫生状况的占43.8%;留守与非留守儿童监护人健康素养比较,其中健康生活方式、保健食品不能代替药品、膳食要清淡少盐、避免超重与肥胖、饭菜要熟食、生熟食品要分开存放和加工、孩子出生后要预防接种、每年要做1次健康体检、注重饮食营养搭配、购买食物选择营养和卫生10项差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与非留守比较,留守儿童监护人部分健康素养知识、态度及行为欠佳,有待进一步提高。 Objective To understand the differences of health literacy among guardians of left-behind and left-behind children in rural areas and provide a theoretical basis for the intervention of children left behind in rural areas. Methods A random cluster analysis of 735 preschool children’s guardians in Gaotang County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province was conducted to investigate the health literacy. Results Among 735 pre-school children, 269 were left-behind children, accounting for 36.6%, 466 were non-left-behind children, accounting for 63.4%; guardians knew 57.7% of them had one annual physical examination, 76.2% ; To understand children’s recent dietary conditions accounted for 41.5%, usually taking 28.0% of children taking nutritional supplements, usually pay attention to children’s diet and nutrition with 78.6%, usually to children to buy food, pay attention to nutritional value and health accounted for 43.8% ; Comparison of health literacy of guardians of left-behind and non-left-behind children, including healthy lifestyles, health food can not replace drugs, light and salt diet to avoid overweight and obesity, food to cooked, raw and cooked food to be stored and processed separately, the child after birth Vaccination, a year to do a healthy physical examination, diet and nutrition, purchase of food to choose nutrition and health 10 differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with non-stay-at-home patients, some health literacy knowledge, attitudes and behavior of guardians of left-behind children are not good enough to be further improved.