心身问题或心物问题(mind-body problem),是关于心理的东西(the mental)的本体论地位,本质以及与身体的相互关系的问题。在西方认识史上,先哲们对这个问题分别给予了缜密思考后的回答。本文首先回到西方近代心灵哲学上一个颇有影响的心灵观,从笛卡尔的实体二元论说起,分析其内在逻辑矛盾产生的根源和面临的困境,再集中探讨与笛卡尔同时代的哲学家们对其观点的改进或改造,并逐一做出梳理和短评。 Psychosomatic or mind-body problems are questions about the ontological status, nature, and interrelationships with the body of the mental. In the history of western cognition, the philosophers have given careful answers to this question. This paper first returns to a rather influential outlook of the mind in modern western philosophy of mind. Starting with Descartes’ entity dualism, this paper analyzes the root causes and difficulties of its internal logical contradictions, and then focuses on contemporary philosophers with Descartes They improve or reform their views, and to sort out one by one and short commentary.