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目的:训练和修复失衡导致了过度训练,近来研究表明,热休克蛋白72(HSP72)可能是较适合的过度训练监测指标,鉴此,本研究利用过度训练动物模型对其可行性进行初步探讨。方法:36只雄性2月龄SD大鼠被随机分成4组:对照组(n=4)和3个力竭性游泳训练组(n=8)。训练组大鼠在第1、2周适应性游泳30min至2h,在第3周至第8周进行力竭性游泳训练。分别取第6、7、8周血样,测定血红蛋白、血清睾酮、血清皮质醇和血清肌酸激酶的浓度;取同侧比目鱼肌、腓肠肌红肌和腓肠肌白肌测定HSP72蛋白含量。结果:(1)过度训练常规指标的变化:4至6周力竭性游泳训练导致大鼠运动能力下降,安静时血红蛋白、血清睾酮和皮质醇浓度下降,肌酸激酶浓度增加,表明过度训练动物模型建立。(2)HSP72表达变化:与对照组HSP72表达(100%)相比,训练组第6、7、8周比目鱼肌HSP72表达分别减少2.6%、6.6%、33%;腓肠肌红肌HSP72表达显著增加(P<0.05),分别较对照组增加133%、214%、157%;腓肠肌白肌HSP72表达显著增加(P<0.001),分别较对照组增加410%、790%、1030%。三种类型骨骼肌HSP72表达的净增量均在第6周最高,随后逐周下降。HSP72表达变化早于激素浓度的变化。结论:长期超负荷训练导致的骨骼肌HSP72表达变化早于过度训练综合征。应激激素变化滞后于HSP72表达变化,提示骨骼肌HSP72表达变化可能关联着过度训练的外周机制,可以考虑骨骼肌HSP72作为过度训练的监测指标。
OBJECTIVE: Training and repair imbalance lead to over-training. Recently, studies have shown that heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) may be a suitable indicator of over-training. In view of this, the feasibility of over-training animal model was discussed in this study. Methods: Thirty-six male 2-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 4) and three exhaustive swimming training group (n = 8). Training rats in the first and second weeks of adaptive swimming 30min to 2h, during the third week to the eighth week of exhaustive swimming training. Blood samples were taken at the 6th, 7th, and 8th week respectively to determine the concentrations of hemoglobin, serum testosterone, serum cortisol and serum creatine kinase. The content of HSP72 protein in homolateral side soleus muscle, gastrocnemius red muscle and gastrocnemius muscle white muscle were determined. Results: (1) Changes in routine indicators of over-training: exhaustive swimming training for 4 to 6 weeks led to a decrease in exercise capacity in rats, decreased hemoglobin, serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations, and increased creatine kinase concentrations at rest, indicating that over trained animals Model establishment. (2) The change of HSP72 expression: Compared with control group HSP72 expression (100%), the expression of HSP72 in the soleus muscle decreased by 2.6%, 6.6% and 33% at 6, 7 and 8 weeks respectively in the training group; (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of HSP72 increased by 133%, 214% and 157% respectively. The expression of HSP72 in gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly (P <0.001), which were 410%, 790% and 1030% The net increase of HSP72 expression in all three types of skeletal muscle was highest at week 6 and then decreased weekly. HSP72 expression changes earlier than the changes in hormone concentrations. Conclusion: Long-term overloaded training leads to earlier change of skeletal muscle HSP72 expression than over training syndrome. The changes of stress hormones lag behind the changes of HSP72 expression, suggesting that changes in skeletal muscle HSP72 expression may be associated with over-training of peripheral mechanisms may be considered skeletal muscle HSP72 as an indicator of over-training.