水文,在我国有着古老、悠久的历史,它在社会生产实践中产生,并随着社会生产的发展而不断发展和日臻完善。早在4000多年的远古时代,大禹总结前辈的治水经验教训,“顺水之性”(即水文规律)采用疏导之策,整理黄河河道,疏通九河,导水入海,终将经常泛滥的洪水治平,这是水文在防洪治河工程上的最初应用。2200多年前的先秦时代,李冰兴建都江堰时,作了三座石人立于江边,若江水没肩则防洪。若江水低于脚面则抗旱,这也是水文在防洪抗旱灌溉工程上的应用。历史上类似事例举不胜举,如唐代的“石鱼刻水”、宋代的“水则”和“量雨器”,明代的“飞马报汛”………。新中国成立后,随着大规模水利 Hydrology has an ancient and long history in our country. It is produced in the practice of social production and continuously develops and improves with the development of social production. As early as 4,000 years ago, Dayu summed up his predecessors’ experiences and lessons in water management and adopted the strategy of diverting the Yellow River to dredge the Yellow River and divert water to the sea, so as to eventually flood the flood eventually Cure, which is hydrological in flood control and river project on the initial application. Before the Qin Dynasty 2200 years ago, Li Bingxing built Dujiangyan, made three stone people stand on the river, but if the river is not shoulder, flood control. If the water is lower than the foot of the drought, which is hydrological flood control and drought irrigation project application. Similar examples in history are endless, such as the Tang Dynasty “stone carving water”, the Song Dynasty “water is” and “rain”, the Ming Dynasty “Pegasus newspaper flood” .......... After the founding of new China, with large-scale water conservancy