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虽然工业化国家的传染病已经下降,但有些疾病,如流感、胃肠炎和肝炎的暴发,仍是危害健康的主要原因。例如,在1957～58年流感流行期间,英格兰和威尔士的人口死亡率为1/1,000,高于季节平均数;估计1,200万人患流感,通科医生的工作量增加5倍。新的各种流行疾病已经取代了传染病成为主要的死因,其中缺血性心脏病、肺癌和交通事故正在成为今日的“慢”流行疾病。新药的副作用也是新的流行来源之一。食品化学性污染曾经引起疾病的急骤暴发,此外迄今未被充分认识的疾病,如拉沙热和退伍军人
Although the number of infectious diseases in industrialized countries has dropped, some diseases such as influenza, gastroenteritis and hepatitis outbreaks are still the leading cause of health risks. For example, during the 1957-5 influenza epidemic, the death toll in England and Wales was 1 in 1,000, which is above the seasonal average; an estimated 12 million people suffer from influenza and the work load for general practitioners has increased fivefold. New and emerging epidemics have replaced infectious diseases as the leading cause of death, with ischemic heart disease, lung cancer and traffic accidents becoming the “slow” pandemic today. The side effects of new drugs are also one of the new popular sources. Chemical chemical pollution has caused a sudden outbreak of disease, and so far hitherto under-recognized diseases such as Lassa fever and veterans