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禽类流感病毒和人类流感病毒具有很强的受体识别特异性,分别与唾液酸α-2,3Gal和α-2,6Gal受体分子结合而感染各自的宿主细胞.这种受体结合特异性是流感病毒在禽类和人类之间跨种属传递的主要障碍.应用凝集素组织化学染色技术,探讨人呼吸道各解剖学部位流感病毒唾液酸受体的分布特征.结果显示,唾液酸α-2,3Gal受体,即禽类流感受体,主要分布在下呼吸道的呼吸部即呼吸细支气管和肺泡,而在主气管、支气管和细支气管仅少量分布.相反,人类流感病毒受体,唾液酸α-2,6Gal受体在气管、支气管呈高密度分布,随着支气管分级逐渐降低分布减少,至肺泡分布最少.但比较人呼吸道发育成熟过程中,唾液酸α-2,3Gal和α-2,6Gal受体的表达,未发现明显差别.禽流感H5N1病毒体外感染人呼吸道组织试验结果表明,肺泡上皮较支气管和气管上皮易感染,与唾液酸α-2,3Gal受体分布特点相符合.结果提示,人呼吸道可被禽流感病毒感染,目前H5N1病毒极少发生人传人的特点,可能与个体间上呼吸道唾液酸α-2,3Gal受体表达差异有关.
The avian influenza virus and the human influenza virus are highly specific for receptor recognition and infect respective host cells by binding to the sialic acid alpha-2,3Gal and alpha-2,6Gal receptor molecules, respectively. This receptor binding specificity Is a major obstacle to the cross-species transmission of influenza virus between birds and humans. The distribution characteristics of influenza virus sialic acid receptors in various anatomical parts of the human respiratory tract were investigated by lectin histochemical staining. The results showed that sialic acid α-2 , The 3Gal receptor, the avian influenza receptor, is mainly located in the respiratory tract of the lower respiratory tract, namely, the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, whereas only a small amount is distributed in the main trachea, bronchus and bronchiole.However, the human influenza virus receptor, sialic acid alpha- 2,6Gal receptor in the trachea, bronchial high-density distribution, with the bronchial grading gradually reduce the distribution to reduce the alveolar distribution to a minimum, but compared to the development of human respiratory tract maturation, sialic acid α-2,3Gal and α-2,6Gal No significant difference was found in the expression of H5N1 in the respiratory tract of H5N1 virus.It was found that the alveolar epithelium was more susceptible than the bronchial and tracheal epithelium, In line with the results suggest that human respiratory tract infection may be the bird flu virus, H5N1 viruses are currently very few characteristics of human to human transmission occurs, it may respiratory tract between individuals and the sialic acid receptor α-2,3Gal expression differences related.