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根据大量实测水文泥沙资料,分析了包括下荆江裁弯、葛洲坝和三峡工程运用后长江中下游河道冲淤与枯水位及泥沙特性变化情况.研究结果表明,近50 a来长江中下游枯水位表现为宜昌至监利河段下降明显,城陵矶至螺山上升显著,汉口至大通略有上升.三峡水库运用后,长江中下游含沙量及输沙量下降明显,悬移质中值粒径大幅减小,枯水位降低.枯水位变化与河段河床演变以及河道的冲淤变化密切相关,由此带来的河岸崩塌、引水及航道等问题应引起重视.
Based on a large number of hydrological and sediment data, the change of scouring, silting and sediment characteristics in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River after the application of Jingjiang River Curving, Gezhouba Dam and Three Gorges Project are analyzed. The results show that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the past 50 years The water level showed obvious decrease from Yichang to Jianli reach, significant increase from Chenglingji to Luluoshan, and slight increase from Hankou to Datong.Through the use of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the sediment concentration and sediment transport in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River decreased obviously, The grain size is greatly reduced and the low water level is decreased.The change of the low water level is closely related to the evolution of the riverbed and the erosion and deposition of the river channel, and the problems such as bank collapse, diversion and waterway caused by this should be taken seriously.