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目的:采用3种方法提取淡竹叶中的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术全面分析其挥发油中的化学成分。方法:采用超临界CO2萃取法(SFE-CO2)、水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)及固相微萃取法(SPME)从淡竹叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联机分析对化学成分进行分离鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法测定百分含量。色谱条件:HP-5弹性石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm);升温程序:初始温度45℃,保持2min,然后以10℃·min-1的速度升至250℃并保持30min;分流进样,分流比110∶1;进样口温度280℃。结果:采用SFE-CO2法共鉴定出32个成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总成分的73.52%;采用SD法提取共鉴定出56个成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总成分的86.84%;采用SPME法共鉴定出35个成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总成分的92.28%。结论:SPME法与SD法提取的挥发油成分基本相近,但SFE-CO2法提取的挥发油成分与前两法有一定差异。该实验结果为了解淡竹叶中的挥发性成分及进一步开发应用提供了依据。
OBJECTIVE: Three kinds of methods were used to extract the volatile oil from the leaves, and the chemical constituents in the volatile oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods: The volatile oil was extracted from the leaves of Phoeba bamboo by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2), steam distillation (SD) and solid phase microextraction (SPME). The chemical constituents were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry , The peak area normalization method to determine the percentage content. Chromatographic conditions: HP-5 elastic quartz capillary column (30m × 0.25mm, 0.25μm); temperature program: initial temperature 45 ℃, hold 2min, then 10 ℃ · min-1 speed up to 250 ℃ and hold 30min; Split injection, split ratio of 110: 1; inlet temperature 280 ℃. Results: A total of 32 components were identified by SFE-CO2 method, and the identified components accounted for 73.52% of the total volatile oil. A total of 56 components were identified by SD extraction. The identified components accounted for 86.84% of the total volatile oil. 35 components were identified by SPME method, and the identified components accounted for 92.28% of the total volatile oil. Conclusion: The components of volatile oil extracted by SPME method and SD method are similar, but the volatile oil extracted by SFE-CO2 method has some differences with the former two methods. The experimental results provide a basis for understanding the volatile components in the leaves and further development and application.