十八世纪后期,清王朝已呈现出衰败的迹象,国内阶级矛盾的激化和欧美帝国主义的侵略,更加剧了这一衰败过程。1840年鸦片战争之后,向以天朝自居的清王朝已成为一个政治腐败,边防废驰,财政日绌,社会矛盾异常尖锐的封建大国。乘清王朝国势衰微之机,帝国主义列强纷纷伸出肮脏之手,拼命攫取中国的土地和利益。中国的强邻沙俄帝国就是其中最贪婪的一个。它在霸占了中国东北的大片领 In the late eighteenth century, the Qing dynasty had shown signs of decline. The intensification of domestic class contradictions and the aggression of the European and American imperialists exacerbated this decline. After the Opium War in 1840, the Qing dynasty, once the homeland of heaven and earth, became a great feudal nation with political corruption, border deportation, fiscal dwarfs and social conflicts. Taking advantage of the decline of the Qing dynasty’s national power, the imperialist powers have allured dirty hands and desperately grabbing China’s land and interests. China’s strong neighboring tsarist Russia is one of the most greedy one. It occupies a large part of China’s northeast collar