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目的分析娄底市丙肝的流行特征及吸毒人员和献血者HCV感染状况。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集个案资料,以ELISA法检测吸毒人员和献血者抗-HCV,用Excel和SPSS进行数据分析。结果 2004-2010年共报告丙肝927例,年均发病率3.46/10万,发病率呈逐年上升趋势,年均增长220.36%。各县市区年均发病率差异有统计学意义,城区明显高于乡镇(P<0.01)。全年呈散发状态,无明显季节高峰。患者男女性别比为1.48:1,青壮年和中老年人发病率明显高于儿童和青少年,离退休人员发病率为最高。吸毒人员和献血者抗-HCV阳性率分别为68.77%和0.51%,各年龄组阳性率差异无统计学意义,但注射吸毒者HCV阳性率显著高于口服吸毒者。结论近年来娄底市丙肝发病率呈快速上升趋势,已成为严重的公共卫生问题之一。吸毒者、农民和离退休人员是丙肝防控应关注的重点人群,注射吸毒是丙肝感染最重要的高危因素。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C and the status of HCV infection among drug users and blood donors in Loudi City. Methods Case information was collected through China CDC system. Anti-HCV was detected by ELISA in drug addicts and blood donors. Data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS. Results A total of 927 hepatitis C cases were reported from 2004 to 2010, with an average annual incidence of 3.46 / lakh. The incidence rate showed an upward trend year by year with an average annual increase of 220.36%. The average annual incidence of urban counties was statistically significant, the urban area was significantly higher than the township (P <0.01). The year was distributed, no significant seasonal peak. The male to female sex ratio was 1.48: 1. The incidence of young and middle-aged people was significantly higher than that of children and adolescents, and the highest incidence was found among retirees. The positive rates of anti-HCV in drug addicts and blood donors were 68.77% and 0.51%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the positive rates among all age groups. However, the positive rate of HCV in injecting drug users was significantly higher than that in oral drug users. Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis C in Loudi has been rapidly increasing in recent years and it has become one of the serious public health problems. Drug addicts, peasants and retirees are the key people who should pay attention to hepatitis C prevention and control. Injecting drug abuse is the most important risk factor for hepatitis C infection.