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多种营养素严重缺乏可导致免疫功能损害,单种营养素缺乏、不平衡或过多亦可引起获得性免疫系统功能障碍。早已知道饥饿或消耗性疾病可伴有淋巴样组织萎缩。只是近十年来临床上才对营养不良患者发生免疫功能损害给予更多的注意。全身性营养不良在发展中国家最常见,它亦可由严重外科和内科疾病所引起,因此,获得性免疫系统功能障碍可见于许多住院患者。免疫功能损害可增高对呼吸道、皮肤、肠道或全身性感染的易感性和死亡率。
Serious lack of a variety of nutrients can lead to damage to immune function, a single nutrient deficiencies, imbalances or too much can also cause acquired immune system dysfunction. It has long been known that starvation or wasting disease can be associated with lymphoid tissue atrophy. It is only in the last decade that malnutrition patients have been given more attention to their immune dysfunction in clinic. Systemic malnutrition, which is most common in developing countries, can also be caused by serious surgical and medical conditions and therefore acquired immune system dysfunction can be found in many hospitalized patients. Immune dysfunction can increase susceptibility and mortality to respiratory, skin, intestinal, or systemic infections.