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目的了解城乡小学生心理健康状况。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取台州市椒江区城乡各3所小学的2~5年级学生,共48个班级1 802名学生,进行《小学生心理健康评定量表》问卷调查与分析。结果发放1 802份问卷,有效回收1 713份。其中存在心理和行为问题138人,总体评分的阳性检出率为8.01%;各分量表中学习障碍表现最明显,阳性检出率为28.14%;各项目中,男生的学习障碍(31.98%)和社会适应障碍(6.76%)阳性检出率均明显高于女生(24.00%和3.64%)(P<0.05);农村学生的学习障碍(39.36%)、性格缺陷(8.61%)和社会适应障碍(8.36%)阳性检出率均明显高于城市学生(18.00%、3.56%和2.44%)(P<0.05)。结论椒江区城乡小学生的心理健康总体水平一般,学习障碍表现明显。
Objective To understand the mental health of pupils in urban and rural areas. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect Grade 2 ~ 5 students from 3 primary schools in urban and rural areas of Taizhou City, a total of 488 classes of 1 802 students for “primary school mental health assessment scale” questionnaire survey and analysis. As a result, 1 802 questionnaires were issued and 1 713 copies were effectively recovered. There were 138 psychological and behavioral problems, the overall positive rate was 8.01%; the most obvious learning disabilities were found in all subscales, the positive rate was 28.14%; in all items, the male learning disabilities (31.98% And social adjustment disorders (6.76%) were significantly higher than those of girls (24.00% and 3.64%) (P <0.05); rural students with learning disabilities (39.36%), personality defects (8.61%) and social adjustment disorders (8.36%) were significantly higher than those of urban students (18.00%, 3.56% and 2.44% respectively) (P <0.05). Conclusion The overall mental health of urban and rural Pupils in Jiaojiang District is general, and the performance of learning disabilities is obvious.