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初中英语新课标指出:“初中英语教学目的是通过听、说、读、写的训练,使学生获得英语知识和初步运用交际英语的能力。”其中,听说能力的培养,是英语教学中的一个重要环节。语言首先是有声语言,如果一开始就忽视听说训练,会使学生不仅不能在口头上与对方交流思想,而且也会影响他们读写能力的提高,因为听、说、读、写四种技能是相辅相成的、互相促进的。那么,如何才能搞好英语教学呢?笔者结合在第二初级中学教学实践中积累的经验,谈几点看法。
一、在句子的环境中学习词语
这一点对学习词语的作用很大,比如课文54课句子 “She decided to buy a digital camera online so that it could be sent to her.”画线的单词和短语是需要认真学习的,首先弄明白这些单词和短语的意思,decide 是决心、决定;digital 是数字的;online 是在线,在网上;so that 是以便于。再弄清它们的用法,decide to do 决定去做;digital TV 是数字电视的意思,这是根据 digital camera 而得知的; online 从构词法的角度可以轻松理解; so that 要和 so... that... 区别开来。最后自己来造句:I decided to tell her what had happened that night. I have an ordinary TV, but she has a digital one. I am online, you can chat(聊天) with me. I study English every day so that I can catch up with Li Yang. 当然也可以造一个和原句差不多的几个句子,把四个词都用上:If you decide to order a digital TV online, you must have a credit card first. You must type in your credit card number so that they can send it to you. 由以上举例说明,大家在学习课文时,每一句都应这样学,只有这样学了才能真正做到举一反三、融会贯通。
二、在学习中掌握句子间的关系
这一点在教学中很重要。例如54课的“Miyoko clicked on the screen, and a form appeared for her to fill in her personal information. Her dad helped her fill in the form and typed in his credit credit card number. 这两个句子联系较为密切,从动作上可以看出来,先是click; 接着appear, 继而fill in ,时间先后非常明显,看到这一点,两个句子就不难理解了。在理解的基础上再去掌握就变得轻工松了。一个句子能表达一个完整的意思很容易理解,可同学们大家想过没有,一组句子要表达一个复杂的意思,处理不好句子与句子之间的关系是万万不行的。而句子与句子间无非这几种关系:并列、转折、递进等。比如:He was a famous vet. He was born in England in 1915.He grew up with his dog named Dan. 这三个句子就是并列的关系,都在介绍“he”。
三、理解段与段之间的关系
例如:50 课第三段,The world#39;s population is growing faster and faster. ...That means that in about 600 years, there will be standing room only on the earth.段中第二句是总的说明,下面好几个句子都是在用列数字的方法、比较的方法进行说明。这是总分的关系。在明白这个关系的基础上去理解课文,就知道列举数字进行比较的意图是说明世界人口增长越来越快,而不是为了说明当前人口比过去人口多。段落间的关系主要是让大家注意表达的连贯性,以便在自己进行表达时能做好前后段落间的承接。
四、提出问题并理解大意
经过认真分析,并且字斟句酌的读过了几次,就一定会对课文意有了较为清晰的了解,此时你可以把课本合上,给自己提几个问题。比如“What#39;s the text(课文) about?”“Why the increasing population may be the greatest challenge of the world today?”“What can be done to slow down the population increase in India?”“What can we learn from James Herriot?”提问题的过程也是思考的过程,这一学习过程是不能被取代的!接下来,试着把文章大意用自己的话表达一下,三句、五句都行,但必须完整。这一步要做好离不开上一步,因为文章大意就是每段主要意思的概括。比如58课,你可以这样概括:James Herriot was a famous vet. He grew up with his pet dog Dan. He liked dogs very much so he decided to be a vet for dogs. Soon after he became a college student, he found to be a doctor only for dogs during that time was impossible. Vets mostly helped heal pigs, horses and cows. Even though some vets laughed at him, he helped heal sick pet dogs. The owners of the pets all thanked him. He worked as a country vet for many years, and he wrote his experience into several books. Because he liked dogs best he wrote a book named James Herriot#39;s Dog Stories.
五、写下大意便于想象表达
我们知道,句中表达的内容光说是不够的,还应及时在练习本上写一下,在写的过程中你会发现你身上有很多不足之处,你可能会犯单词写错、短语误用、时态不当等错误。自己发现自身的不足而改之,此举意义远远大于老师不停的讲述。当然这也是为考试中书面表达做准备,做到平时有备,考时无患。此外,还应想象每一句英文、每一段英文所描述的画面,甚至是把自己想象成作者或者文中的人物,加入自己的情感,进行讲述。讲述时你可以对着一棵树、一面墙、一片云、一个凭空想象的对象。当然你也可以把你当成一个讲故事的、一个说评书的、一个搞演讲的、一个做广告的等等。
总而言之,笔者认为,作为一名英语教师,一方面要向学生传授语言知识并使他们掌握技能,另一方面更要重视培养对课文内容、句子以及段落之间的联系理解到位,积极引导学生主动学习英语,为今后的进一步学习奠定扎实的基础,同时教师要逐步改革自己的英语教学方式,并在提高学生学习兴趣上多下功夫,积极采用科学的教学方法,努力提高教学效率,只有这样才能真正把新课程标准提出的要求
落到实处。
一、在句子的环境中学习词语
这一点对学习词语的作用很大,比如课文54课句子 “She decided to buy a digital camera online so that it could be sent to her.”画线的单词和短语是需要认真学习的,首先弄明白这些单词和短语的意思,decide 是决心、决定;digital 是数字的;online 是在线,在网上;so that 是以便于。再弄清它们的用法,decide to do 决定去做;digital TV 是数字电视的意思,这是根据 digital camera 而得知的; online 从构词法的角度可以轻松理解; so that 要和 so... that... 区别开来。最后自己来造句:I decided to tell her what had happened that night. I have an ordinary TV, but she has a digital one. I am online, you can chat(聊天) with me. I study English every day so that I can catch up with Li Yang. 当然也可以造一个和原句差不多的几个句子,把四个词都用上:If you decide to order a digital TV online, you must have a credit card first. You must type in your credit card number so that they can send it to you. 由以上举例说明,大家在学习课文时,每一句都应这样学,只有这样学了才能真正做到举一反三、融会贯通。
二、在学习中掌握句子间的关系
这一点在教学中很重要。例如54课的“Miyoko clicked on the screen, and a form appeared for her to fill in her personal information. Her dad helped her fill in the form and typed in his credit credit card number. 这两个句子联系较为密切,从动作上可以看出来,先是click; 接着appear, 继而fill in ,时间先后非常明显,看到这一点,两个句子就不难理解了。在理解的基础上再去掌握就变得轻工松了。一个句子能表达一个完整的意思很容易理解,可同学们大家想过没有,一组句子要表达一个复杂的意思,处理不好句子与句子之间的关系是万万不行的。而句子与句子间无非这几种关系:并列、转折、递进等。比如:He was a famous vet. He was born in England in 1915.He grew up with his dog named Dan. 这三个句子就是并列的关系,都在介绍“he”。
三、理解段与段之间的关系
例如:50 课第三段,The world#39;s population is growing faster and faster. ...That means that in about 600 years, there will be standing room only on the earth.段中第二句是总的说明,下面好几个句子都是在用列数字的方法、比较的方法进行说明。这是总分的关系。在明白这个关系的基础上去理解课文,就知道列举数字进行比较的意图是说明世界人口增长越来越快,而不是为了说明当前人口比过去人口多。段落间的关系主要是让大家注意表达的连贯性,以便在自己进行表达时能做好前后段落间的承接。
四、提出问题并理解大意
经过认真分析,并且字斟句酌的读过了几次,就一定会对课文意有了较为清晰的了解,此时你可以把课本合上,给自己提几个问题。比如“What#39;s the text(课文) about?”“Why the increasing population may be the greatest challenge of the world today?”“What can be done to slow down the population increase in India?”“What can we learn from James Herriot?”提问题的过程也是思考的过程,这一学习过程是不能被取代的!接下来,试着把文章大意用自己的话表达一下,三句、五句都行,但必须完整。这一步要做好离不开上一步,因为文章大意就是每段主要意思的概括。比如58课,你可以这样概括:James Herriot was a famous vet. He grew up with his pet dog Dan. He liked dogs very much so he decided to be a vet for dogs. Soon after he became a college student, he found to be a doctor only for dogs during that time was impossible. Vets mostly helped heal pigs, horses and cows. Even though some vets laughed at him, he helped heal sick pet dogs. The owners of the pets all thanked him. He worked as a country vet for many years, and he wrote his experience into several books. Because he liked dogs best he wrote a book named James Herriot#39;s Dog Stories.
五、写下大意便于想象表达
我们知道,句中表达的内容光说是不够的,还应及时在练习本上写一下,在写的过程中你会发现你身上有很多不足之处,你可能会犯单词写错、短语误用、时态不当等错误。自己发现自身的不足而改之,此举意义远远大于老师不停的讲述。当然这也是为考试中书面表达做准备,做到平时有备,考时无患。此外,还应想象每一句英文、每一段英文所描述的画面,甚至是把自己想象成作者或者文中的人物,加入自己的情感,进行讲述。讲述时你可以对着一棵树、一面墙、一片云、一个凭空想象的对象。当然你也可以把你当成一个讲故事的、一个说评书的、一个搞演讲的、一个做广告的等等。
总而言之,笔者认为,作为一名英语教师,一方面要向学生传授语言知识并使他们掌握技能,另一方面更要重视培养对课文内容、句子以及段落之间的联系理解到位,积极引导学生主动学习英语,为今后的进一步学习奠定扎实的基础,同时教师要逐步改革自己的英语教学方式,并在提高学生学习兴趣上多下功夫,积极采用科学的教学方法,努力提高教学效率,只有这样才能真正把新课程标准提出的要求
落到实处。