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目的:探讨重症监护病房（ICU）患者谵妄及谵妄持续时间的危险因素。方法:收集2017年5月至2019年5月山西医科大学第二医院重症医学科收治的1 200例患者的临床资料。记录患者的性别、年龄、麻醉方式、机械通气时间、缺氧时间、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、镇静药物应用情况、ICU住院时间；记录患者ICU谵妄发生情况及谵妄持续时间。将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析和多重线性回归分析，筛选ICU患者发生谵妄及谵妄持续时间的危险因素。结果:1 200例ICU患者中有397例发生谵妄，ICU谵妄发生率为33.1%。在谵妄患者中，有47.6%（189例）的患者谵妄持续时间为1.0 d；397例患者谵妄持续时间中位数为2.0（1.5，2.5）d。①谵妄危险因素分析：单因素分析显示，不同性别和年龄患者ICU谵妄发生率差异无统计学意义；机械通气时间或缺氧时间4～9 d和≥10 d患者ICU谵妄发生率均明显高于≤3 d患者，全麻和未手术患者ICU谵妄发生率明显高于腰麻患者，APACHEⅡ评分≥20分患者ICU谵妄发生率明显高于≤10分和11～19分患者，ICU住院时间>9 d患者ICU谵妄发生率明显高于≤8 d患者，应用镇静药物患者谵妄发生率明显高于未应用镇静药物患者。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，APACHEⅡ评分〔优势比（n OR）＝5.491，95%可信区间（95%n CI）为4.361～6.913，n P<0.001〕、ICU住院时间（n OR＝2.679，95%n CI为1.822～3.941，n P<0.001）和应用镇静药物（n OR＝2.479，95%n CI为1.821～3.374，n P9 d患者ICU谵妄持续时间较≤8 d患者明显延长，应用镇静药物患者ICU谵妄持续时间较未应用镇静药物患者明显延长。多重线性回归分析显示，缺氧时间每增加1个等级（缺氧时间分为≤3、4～9、≥10 d 3个等级），ICU谵妄持续时间平均延长0.061 d（β＝0.061，95%n CI为0.032～0.090，n P<0.001）；APACHEⅡ评分每增加1个等级（APACHEⅡ评分分为≤10、11～19、≥20分3个等级），ICU谵妄持续时间平均延长0.058 d（β＝0.058，95%n CI为0.048～0.068，n P9 d患者ICU谵妄持续时间较≤8 d患者平均延长0.065 d（β＝0.065，95%n CI为0.056～0.075，n P<0.001）；应用镇静药物患者ICU谵妄持续时间较未应用镇静药物患者平均延长0.362 d（β＝0.362，95%n CI为0.234～0.490，n P 9 days had a higher ICU delirium incidence than those ≤ 8 days. Increased incidence of ICU delirium in sedative patients was found as compared with those who did not use sedatives. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHEⅡ score [odds ratio ( n OR) = 5.491, 95% confidence interval (95%n CI) was 4.361-6.913, n P < 0.001], the length of ICU stay ( n OR = 2.679, 95%n CI was 1.822-3.941, n P < 0.001) and the use of sedatives ( n OR = 2.479, 95%n CI was 1.821-3.374, n P 9 days was longer than that in patients with ≤ 8 days. The duration of ICU delirium in patients on sedatives was longer than those not taking sedatives. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the duration of ICU delirium increased by an average of 0.061 days (β = 0.061, 95% n CI was 0.032-0.090, n P < 0.001) for each additional day of hypoxia (hypoxia duration was divided into three grades of ≤ 3, 4-9 and ≥ 10 days). For every one increase in APACHE Ⅱ score (APACHE Ⅱ score was divided into three grades of ≤ 10, 11-19 and ≥ 20), duration of ICU delirium extended an average of 0.058 days (β = 0.058, 95% n CI was 0.048-0.068, n P 9 days as compared with those ≤ 8 days (β = 0.065, 95% n CI was 0.056-0.075, n P < 0.001). On average, the duration of ICU delirium was prolonged by 0.362 days in patients on sedatives as compared with those who did not use sedatives (β = 0.362, 95% n CI was 0.234-0.490, n P < 0.001).n Conclusions:APACHEⅡ score, the length of ICU stay and the use of sedatives were common risk factors for ICU delirium and its duration. The hypoxic duration was risk factors for ICU delirium duration.