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中国民法典迟迟未能出台,与民法体系中的总则、亲属法、债法或国际私法等无关,而与物权制度有关。而物权制度的缺陷又与《宪法》第10条的规定有关。该条规定明确了土地公有制度,禁止非法转让土地,其出发点在于杜绝违法的土地交易,减少贪腐现象。但事实上,它却造成土地产权的不明晰。在土地产权不能通过合法渠道进行交易的情况下,反而出现了隐性的土地交易市场,有些资金为获取确定的土地产权而流向国外。所以,应当在土地上建立明确的产权制度,尤其要注重通过物权制度保护农民的利益。
The delay in the promulgation of China’s civil code has nothing to do with the general rules of the civil law system, relatives law, debt law or private international law. The defects of the system of property rights in turn related to Article 10 of the Constitution. This article stipulates the public ownership of land and prohibits the illegal transfer of land. Its starting point lies in putting an end to illegal land transactions and reducing corruption. In fact, however, it has resulted in unclear land property rights. In the case that the land property can not be traded through legal channels, there is a hidden market for land transactions, some of which goes abroad in order to acquire certain land property rights. Therefore, we should establish a clear system of property rights in the land, with particular emphasis on protecting the interests of farmers through the system of property rights.