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采用石蜡切片、苏木精和孚尔根等杂色法,对橡胶树的双受精过程作了详细的观察。结果表明:(1)授粉后0.5-1h花粉粒开始在柱子头上萌发。随后花粉管沿着花柱的引导组织往下生长.12h后经珠心喙进入胚囊,释放内含物。(2)卵细胞受精过程为:授粉后13-13.5h,精子贴附在卵细胞的质膜上.随后进入卵核.染色质散开和出现雄性核仁。20h后两性核仁融合,形成合一个核仁的受精卵。橡胶树的受精作用属有丝分裂前型。(3)极核受精过程与卵细胞受精类似,但完成较快,授粉后18h便完成受精。极核受精是3个核的融合过程,由于各核结合的先后差异.有3种不同的类型:①两极核先融合成含一个核仁的次生核,然后次生核与精核融合。②两极核先融合,但两者的核仁未融合,因此形成一个含二核仁的次生核。这样的次生核,当与精核的校质融合并出现雄性核仁后.次生核的两个核仁才融合成一个次生核仁。然后才和雄性核仁融合。③上极核先与精核融合.然后才和下极核融合。这3种受精类型.其所形成的初生胚乳核,均含一个核仁。
Paraffin sections, Hematoxylin and Fork root and other variegated methods were used to observe the double fertilization process of the rubber tree. The results showed that: (1) pollen grains began to germinate on the column head 0.5-1 h after pollination. The pollen tube then grows down the style’s guide tissue. After 12h into the embryo sac through the beak, release the contents. (2) Eggs fertilization process: 13-13.5h after pollination, sperm attached to the plasma membrane of eggs. Then enter the egg. Chromatin disperses and appears in male nucleoli. After 20h amphiphile fusion, forming a combined nucleolus fertilized eggs. Fertilization of rubber trees are pre-mitotic type. (3) The process of the fertilization of the polar nucleus is similar to the fertilization of the egg cells, but it is completed quickly and the fertilization is completed 18 hours after pollination. Polar nucleus fertilization is the fusion process of three nuclei, due to the differences in the combination of nuclei. There are 3 different types: ① The bipolar nuclei are first fused to a nucleus containing one nucleus, followed by fusion of the secondary nucleus to the nucleus. ② bipolar first fusion, but the two are not fusion nucleolus, thus forming a secondary nuclei containing two nucleoli. Such a secondary nucleus, when fused with the nucleus of the seminiferous nucleus, appears after the male nucleoli. The two nuclei of the secondary nuclei fuse into one secondary nucleolus. And then fusion with male nucleoli. ③ the first nuclear fusion with the nucleus. Then fusion with the next polar. These three types of fertilization. The formation of primary endosperm nucleus, contains a nucleolus.