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21世纪初以来,以纳米技术、生物技术、信息技术和认知科学的融合为代表的“会聚技术(converging technology)”在全世界范围内得到了迅猛发展.会聚技术以提升人的能力、改善人的生存环境为主要目标.但是由于它涉及到重塑和改造人的内在自然,因而相关的伦理问题也更加突出.文章从统一科学、人机整合以及技术对社会的嵌入三个方面分析了“会聚技术”的特征,对会聚技术带来的相关伦理问题,包括人类增强的目的和对象、人的完整性问题、隐私、自由和道德责任、社会公正以及后果的控制等问题进行了讨论.在综合分析了美国、欧盟等提出的应对措施的基础上,提出应该动态地构建一套基于行动的技术伦理学框架.为此,必须完善伦理学和科学技术相结合的跨学科合作机制,发展跨学科的视角与方法,加强科学启蒙,构建公众参与的讨论平台,完善会聚技术的相关法律和制度建设,以促进全社会共同参与和应对会聚技术中的伦理问题.
Converging technology, represented by the convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science, has enjoyed rapid growth worldwide since the early 2000s. Convergence of Technology to Enhance Human Capacities , Improving people’s living environment as the main goal.But because it relates to reshape and transform people’s internal nature, so the related ethical issues are more prominent.From the unity of science, human-computer integration and technology to social embedded in three aspects This paper analyzes the characteristics of “convergence technology ”, issues related to the ethical issues brought about by convergence technologies, including the purpose and objects of human enhancement, human integrity, privacy, freedom and moral responsibility, social justice and consequences control On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the response measures proposed by the United States and the European Union, it is proposed that a framework of action-based technical ethics should be constructed dynamically.Therefore, it is necessary to improve the interdependencies of ethics and science and technology Cooperation mechanisms, develop interdisciplinary perspectives and methods, strengthen scientific enlightenment, build a platform for discussion of public participation and improve the relevance of convergence technologies Law and institution building, to promote participation and converging technologies to deal with ethical issues in society as a whole.